Effect of Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Operating Parameters on Particle Number and Size Distribution at Low Speed Condition

Experiments and simulations were used to investigate the effect of a range of engine operating parameters and fuel characteristics on the particle size and particle number (PN) concentration at low speed and idle speed condition. The occurrence, size, and concentration of particles were tested against a range of parameters including start of injection (SOI), common rail pressure, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) ratio and load. The results showed that the homogeneity of the mixture had the greatest impact on particle size and number concentration. The performance of particle is different at different levels of load. The particle were of nucleation mode at idle condition, and the cold idle particles had a slightly larger diameter than those produced at hot idle. By using the diesel and under high load, at EGR ratios of less than 20 %, most particles were of nucleation mode. At EGR ratios exceeding 20 %, nucleation-mode particles were gradually replaced by accumulation-mode particles. At EGR ratios above 30 %, most particles were of the accumulation mode. Under the same load, gasoline compression ignition produced particles of smaller size and reduced particulate mass (PM). The use of gasoline extended ignition delay, as the high volatility and octane number of the fuel improved the homogeneity of the mixture. Finally, a linear relationship was found between PM and PN. The relative contribution of the different factors to the formation of nucleationor accumulation-mode particles was investigated.     

板桩码头计算机辅助设计系统(BZMTCADS)

对ＡｕｔｏＣＡＤ（ＡＣＡＤ）的开放式体系结构进行深入探索,利用ＡＣＡＤ提供的开发工具,结合板桩码头专业设计的特点,研究开发了一套多功能、实用的计算机辅助设计系统。     

基于PEMS的混合动力客车发动机启动/停止对排放影响的研究

在中国典型城市公交循环工况下,采用车载排放测试技术,以纯柴油模式的怠速排放水平作为比较基准,对某一大型混合动力客车发动机的启动/停止(S/S)对排放特性的影响进行了研究.试验结果表明:从排放总量上看,混合动力汽车的HC、CO、NO_x、CO_2和PM的排放量都比纯柴油模式低;而混合动力模式S/S阶段的HC、CO和NO_x的排放量要比纯柴油模式怠速排放量低;但是PM排放量相反,混合动力发动机在启动和停止时都出现排放峰值;从控制PM排放量来说,该混合动力客车停机时间应长于7s.     

装配SCR系统的混合动力公交车排放特征研究

利用车载测试系统,对两种类型的混合动力公交车进行了整车排放测试,研究了装备SCR系统的国Ⅳ混合动力公交车排放情况,结果表明,SCR技术的应用能一定程度上降低Nox排放量,但同时SCR技术在混合动力公交车上实际应用时存在排气温度过低、从而导致Nox转化率偏低的问题.建议采用某种技术(如排气加热系统)提高城市公交车排气温度或提高SCR的低温性能,以便提高Nox转化效率.     

基于真实事故形态分析的行人探测模型研究

以长沙市汽车碰撞行人事故形态分析为基础,研究在汽车主动避撞系统的响应时间内,行人被感应器及时探测到的概率.具体地,从长沙IVAC数据库的389起车辆碰撞行人事故中,挑选出F1和F2两种最常见的事故形态类型,且能估算其行驶速度的案例分别为65和64起.结合车辆和行人运动轨迹、运动速度等参数,对F1和F2事故案例建立了行人探测模型.针对给定的感应器探测半角(15°、30°和45°),分别计算出了行人的探测概率.结果显示,当探测半角≥30°时,94%以上的行人能被及时探测.     

国家交通运输改革与发展对军事交通运输的影响及对策

国家交通是军事交通的重要基础和依托,国家交通运输的发展必然对军事交通运输产生影响。从二者的相互关系人手,以抓住发展机遇、强化贯彻国防要求,迎接挑战、加强交通运输动员法规制度建设,适应市场变革、及时调整改革军事运输政策,适应新变化、及时调整驻交通沿线军事代表体制为切入点,系统分析了国家交通运输改革与发展对军事交通运输发展所产生的影响,并提出了相应的对策措施。     

浅埋偏压黄土连拱隧道施工方案有限元数值模拟

双连拱公路隧道在平面线路、洞口位置的选择上较分离式隧道自由度大,在一些中短隧道建设中,往往采用双连拱隧道结构形式。结合山西省离石黄土连拱公路隧道,进行黄土连拱隧道的关键施工力学问题研究:正洞上下台阶法与侧壁导洞法施工方案比较研究;先左洞(靠山一侧)施工方案和先右洞施工方案的对比。计算结果表明对于偏压黄土连拱隧道应采用先开挖靠山一侧的侧壁导洞法进行施工。     

Analysis of structural dynamic characteristics of a high speed light special catamaran

1Introduction Therearethreefamiliarmethodstocalculatedynamic characteristicsofconventionalshipstructures:energy method,transfermatrixmethodandfiniteelement method.Forenergymethodanapproximatelyvibration deflectionfunctionmustbeassumed.Soitisalmostim possi…     

A comparative study on the hull strength of a ship with thin-walled box girders

1 Introduction1 The permanent aim is that the ship designers try to optimize the ship structure to improve the strength of hull. The traditional design of ship structure avoiding damage is involved with many transverse bulkheads set up in the ship in orde…     

多机飞行冲突解决方法研究

飞行冲突的探测和解决是自由飞行的关键问题.结合了人工势场法的蚁群算法可以解决多机飞行冲突.在对飞行冲突解决问题的研究背景和现状作简要介绍的基础上,建立了有约束组合优化的数学模型,提出了用蚁群算法优化人工势场法规划结果的新思路.仿真计算证明算法能在短时间内提供多架飞机理想的冲突解决方案.