The speed control effect of highway tunnel sidewall markings based on color and temporal frequency

The low‐luminance monotonous environment in the middle section of highway tunnels offers few reference points and is prone to cause severe visual illusion. Thus, drivers tend to underestimate their driving speed, which can induce speeding behaviors that result in rear‐end collisions. Therefore, discovering low‐cost methods of traffic engineering that reduce this visual illusion and ensure a steady driving speed is an important challenge for current highway tunnel operations. This study analyzes the effects of sidewall markings in typical highway tunnels, specifically observing how their colors and temporal frequencies affect the driver's speed perception in a low‐luminance condition. A three‐dimensional model of the middle section of highway tunnels was built in a driving simulator. Psychophysical tests of speed perception were carried out by the method of limits. The precision of the simulation model was then checked by comparing the results to field test data. The simulation tests studied the stimulus of subjectively equal speed and reaction time in relation to sidewall markings in different colors (red–white combined, yellow–white combined, and blue–white combined). Furthermore, based on the optimal color, the effects of sidewall marking with different temporal frequencies (0.4, 0.8, 1.2, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 32 Hz) on the speed perception of drivers were also analyzed. The test results reveal that the color and temporal frequency of sidewall marking have a significant impact on the driver's stimulus of subjectively equal speed and reaction time. The subjects have the highest speed overestimation and an easy speed judgment with the red–white combined sidewall marking. Within the temporal frequency range of 4.45–7.01 Hz, the subjects have a certain degree of speed overestimation (less than 20%), and the speed perception is sensitive to the temporal frequency changes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

沉管隧道地震响应分析

文章采用田村重四郎和冈本舜三提出的沉埋隧道地震响应分析的数学模型,对南京长江越江隧道(沉管段)方案进行了地震响应的纵向受力分析。分析中采用了隧址处100年超越概率为2%的人工合成地震加速度,考虑了不同管段的联结方式和不同的计算参数,对初步设计中沉管段结构的安全性进行了论证,所提供的数据曾为设计单位所采纳[1]。     

海底单层保温管线总传热系数分析

总传热系数K是海底热油管道的运行管理中的一个非常关键的参数.文中通过对中海油涠洲11 -1油田至涠洲12 -1油田之间的海底管道总传热系数进行理论计算,并与投产前根据实际预热数据反算的总传热系数进行对比,得出理论计算的总传热系数与实际预热反算得到的总传热系数相近,同时指出海管接口的散热损失较大,海底管线应对接口部分进行...     

基于高斯过程机器学习方法的隧道围岩分类模型

针对现有围岩分类方法的局限性,基于工程实例,利用分类性能优异的高斯过程机器学习模型建立围岩类别与其主要影响因素之间的非线性映射关系,进而提出一种基于高斯过程的隧道围岩分类模型,实现不同情况下围岩分类的合理识别.将该模型应用于川藏公路二郎山隧道围岩分类,研究结果表明,隧道围岩分类的高斯过程机器学习模型是科学可行的,与人工神经网络模型、支持向量机模型相比较,该模型具有参数自适应化的优点,能方便快捷地给出合理可靠且具有概率意义的围岩分类评价结果,可对围岩分类结果的不确定性或可信度进行定量化评价.     

Toxic air pollutants and trucking productivity in the US

This paper introduces toxic air pollutants into the measurement of trucking productivity to obtain true productivity growth. Our results show that omitting or ignoring toxic air pollutants in measuring trucking productivity yields statistically significant biased productivity estimates in for 2002-2005. Trucking productivity growth was understated by the traditional productivity measure, because the latter did not account for reductions in truck air pollution over time. We also find that the difference between traditional and environmental efficiency scores was negligible, suggesting that environmental constraint did not distort efficiency in the trucking sector.     

半刚性沥青路面两阶段设计方法的应用

运用两阶段设计方法对三种路面结构方案进行分析对比,建议在进行路面结构设计时,适当增加沥青面层厚度和减薄半刚性层的厚度,以提高半刚性层疲劳破坏后沥青面层剩余疲劳寿命占总疲劳寿命的比例。     

车用柴油机NO_x形成及控制

相对汽油发动机污染物排放,柴油发动机CO和CH的排放较低,不到汽油机的10%,但NOX排放水平却高于汽油发动机。本文重点讨论柴油发动机排气污染物中NOx的成分及危害,分析了NO的生成机理及影响因素,提出了控制柴油机NO排放的技术和方法。     

高速公路隧道洞口除雪防滑工作

结合京沪高速济莱段,首先分析了高速公路隧道口的特点,其次阐述了冬季隧道口开展除雪防滑的过程和应当注意的安全事项。     

基于卡尔曼滤波法修正的灰色系统理论在桥梁施工控制中的应用

文章运用卡尔曼滤波法修正的灰色系统理论对桥梁悬臂施工过程中出现的节段挠度实测值与设计值不一致的情况进行分析修正,并以某预应力混凝土连续梁结构为工程实例,运用灰色系统控制理论以及卡尔曼滤波法修正的灰色系统理论分别对其进行挠度的预测,结果表明:经过卡尔曼滤波修正的灰色系统理论能够更有效地减小预测值与实测值的偏差,更好地对成桥线形进行控制。     

基于机器视觉的球笼保持架窗口位置检测方法

介绍了一种基于视觉检测技术的球笼保持架窗口位置在线检测方法.采用具有独特双光源照明的成像系统的同时获取了窗口边缘和基准面的图像信息,以VC++为平台对数字图像信息进行处理和分析,频域高斯滤波完成图像去噪后,采用形态学边缘检测算法获得窗口边缘点和基准点,利用两直线的平行关系开展最小二乘直线拟合确定窗口边缘位置.实际应用证明该系统稳定可靠,检测效率高,具有良好的应用前景.