A random utility maximization (RUM) based dynamic activity scheduling model: Application in weekend activity scheduling

The paper presents a modeling framework for dynamic activity scheduling. The modeling framework considers random utility maximization (RUM) assumption for its components in order to capture the joint activity type, location and continuous time expenditure choice tradeoffs over the course of the day. The dynamics of activity scheduling process are modeled by considering the history of activity participation as well as changes in time budget availability over the day. For empirical application, the model is estimated for weekend activity scheduling using a dataset (CHASE) collected in Toronto in 2002–2003. The data set classifies activities into nine general categories. For the empirical model of a 24-h weekend activity scheduling, only activity type and time expenditure choices are considered. The estimated empirical model captures many behavioral details and gives a high degree of fit to the observed weekend scheduling patterns. Some examples of such behavioral details are the effects of time of the day on activity type choice for scheduling and on the corresponding time expenditure; the effects of travel time requirements on activity type choice for scheduling and on the corresponding time expenditure, etc. Among many other findings, the empirical model reveals that on the weekend the utility of scheduling Recreational activities for later in the day and over a longer duration of time is high. It also reveals that on the weekend, Social activity scheduling is not affected by travel time requirements, but longer travel time requirements typically lead to longer-duration social activities.     

Analyzing the time frame for the transition from leisure-cyclist to commuter-cyclist

A recent survey reported that many commuter-cyclists had enjoyed leisure bicycling on a regular basis prior to becoming a commuter-cyclist. While bicycling for leisure, it is assumed that they considered various factors that led them to consider becoming commuter-cyclists. This study began with the question of how long it would take for a leisure-cyclist to become a commuter-cyclist, and it focused on the time that elapsed between leisure-cyclists transitioning to commuter-cycling. In order to analyze the time frame, it was hypothesized that the probability that a leisure-cyclist would become a commuter-cyclist at a certain time would be conditional on the duration that elapsed from the onset of leisure cycling till that time, which represents the “snowballing” or “inertial” dynamics of duration. A robust methodology, which is known as the “hazard model,” was adopted to accommodate such characteristics of a time period. In addition, various external covariates such as individual-specific characteristics, variables associated with the current or previous commuting mode, supply variables regarding bicycle facilities, and individual latent propensities were adopted to account for the duration of changes that would be generally applicable. As a result, many useful results were derived that could be used in fomenting policies to promote cycling to work. It was found that government should invest in establishing segregated lanes for leisure- and commuter-cyclists. It also turned out that a long distance to work hinders a leisure-cyclist from progressing to commuter-cycling. According to the results, young white-collar workers who live in high-rise apartments and enjoy intensive leisure-cycling in groups, are a good target toward whom promotions for commuter-cycling should be focused. However, an unfortunate development was that, when compared with car-commuters, it was found that transit-commuters are more likely to become commuter-cyclists.     

基于PLC的主机调速器改装及控制系统设计

本文主要介绍基于PLC控制技术的主机遥控系统设计方法。描述了的设计思路和开发过程,同时,通过实船试验验证了系统的设计效果。     

基座结构形式对艇体振动特性的影响研究

合理设计船体基座连接结构使其能够有效阻断振动波的传递,这对双层圆柱壳结构减振降噪具有重要的工程应用价值。基于波动理论,探索了有限尺度的"L"形和""形连接结构的波动特性,分析了结构边界对振动波传递的影响规律。以某一双层圆柱壳动力舱段为例,通过数值试验对比分析了不同基座结构连接形式对双层圆柱壳振动特性的影响规律。在此基础上开展了大尺度模型的振动试验测试,为基座连接结构声学设计提供了依据。试验结果表明:""形基座连接结构具有高传递损失特性,基座连接形式改进后双壳动力舱段10-1000Hz频段振动加速度级平均降低约3dB。     

高压岸电在散货船上的应用研究

“神华501”是国内第一艘安装高压岸电连接系统的散货船,该船的成功交付及运营实现了绿色环保和节能减排的目标。结合该船的设计思路,通过对国际上通用的各种岸电上船方式的比较分析,确定了高压岸电上船的方案。同时,对国内外船舶高压岸电系统相关设计标准进行了研究,阐述了高压岸电系统的设计原则,以及在高压岸电供电工况下的短路评估情况。     

预应力钢套箱在湘江长沙综合枢纽工程中的应用

为加快施工进度,降低工程成本,在湘江长沙综合枢纽船闸工程中开发应用了以施加预应力及放张来实现组装和拆除的新型预应力钢套箱。结合湘江长沙综合枢纽船闸工程实例,对预应力钢套箱的制作要点、施工工艺及施工过程中应注意的问题做了详细说明。使用预应力钢套箱进行上下游引航道水下承台的施工,取得了预期效果。     

二甲醚重型商用车开发

本文介绍了一款二甲醚重型商用车的设计开发方案,包括开发内容、需解决的技术难点和总体设计方案。试制结果表明该二甲醚重型商用车环境适应性强,零部件通用性高,可为其他二甲醚汽车产品的开发提供参考经验。     

高速公路互通立交与隧道最小间距研究

针对我国高速公路建设行业特征和高速公路互通立交出入口与隧道洞口距离较近的工程实际情况,在分析相关标准规范规定和国内外研究成果的基础上,利用模拟仿真技术,从交通安全、通行能力、驾驶员反应时间和车辆操作时间需求等角度,对间距值进行了定量分析,提出了条件受限情况下高速公路互通立交与隧道的最小间距推荐值.并进一步在总结工程实践经验的基础上,从工程技术和安全管理方面提出了系统的安全对策措施,供设计人员和营运管理人员参考.     

稳定土厂拌设备水泥计量系统的改进

由于稳定土厂拌设备水泥计量系统的计量精度对所生产的混合料的质量起着重要的作用,故根据厂拌设备的计量原理,对现有的计量系统结构进行改进。新结构应用于稳定土厂拌设备中,使用结果表明水泥计量精度得到提高。