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91.
The value of form factor k at different drafts is important in predicting full-scale total resistance and speed for different types of ships. In the ITTC community, most organizations predict form factor k using a low-speed model test. However, this method is problematic for ships with bulbous bows and transom. In this article, a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)-based method is introduced to obtain k for different type of ships at different drafts, and a comparison is made between the CFD method and the model test. The results show that the CFD method produces reasonable k values. A grid generating method and turbulence model are briefly discussed in the context of obtaining a consistent k using CFD. 相似文献
92.
Peter Ehlers 《WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs》2016,15(2):187-203
The economic value of the oceans and maritime industry is strongly gaining in importance. As the oceans are very large and particularly sensitive ecosystems, which need to be preserved, a balance between the use and the protection of the seas has to be found. On this issue, the paper presents some thoughts starting with a brief analysis of what to understand by maritime industry which is labeled as blue economy, and a recapitulation of the main threats for the marine environment, caused by blue economy. After that, some noteworthy prerequisites and criteria for finding a sound balance between the use and the protection of the seas will be highlighted, especially the need for sustainable ocean governance is put to discussion. 相似文献
93.
非结构化网格浸入边界法的流固耦合数值模拟 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper presents an improved unstructured grid immersed boundary method. The advantages of both immersed boundary method and body fitted grids which are generated by unstructured grid technology are used to enhance the computation efficiency of fluid structure interaction in complex domain. The Navier-Stokes equation was discretized spacially with collocated finite volume method and Euler implicit method in time domain. The rigid body motion was simulated by immersed boundary method in which the fluid and rigid body interface interaction was dealt with VOS (volume of solid) method. A new VOS calculation method based on graph was presented in which both immersed boundary points and cross points were collected in arbitrary order to form a graph. The method is verified with flow past oscillating cylinder. 相似文献
94.
Experiments were conducted to study characteristics of flow when flow is fluctuating. The experimental results showed a phase
difference between the flow rate and the pressure drop fluctuations. This phase difference between the fluctuating flow rate
and pressure drop was analyzed for laminar flow. Analysis showed that the phase difference changes with the period of the
flow fluctuation, the pipe radius, the density and the dynamic viscosity of the liquid. Fluctuating pipe flow was then numerically
simulated. Results of the numerical simulation were compared with theoretical values and experimental results. It was shown
that, when the flow rate fluctuates with time as a sine wave, the pressure drop fluctuates with the same periodicity, and
there is a phase difference between them. 相似文献
95.
Several algorithms were proposed relating to the development of a framework of the perturbation-based stochastic finite element method (PSFEM) for large variation nonlinear dynamic problems. For this purpose, algorithms and a framework related to SFEM based on the stochastic virtual work principle were studied. To prove the validity and practicality of the algorithms and framework, numerical examples for nonlinear dynamic problems with large variations were calculated and compared with the Monte-Carlo Simulation method. This comparison shows that the proposed approaches are accurate and effective for the nonlinear dynamic analysis of structures with random parameters. 相似文献
96.
Bevan Marten 《WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs》2011,10(1):45-61
This article discusses the enforcement of shipping standards, with a particular focus on Part XII of UNCLOS. Section 6 of Part XII contains the only comprehensive set of vessel-related enforcement provisions in the Convention, but the Part’s scope is limited to “the preservation and protection of the marine environment.” Therefore, not all shipping standards fall clearly within Part XII’s ambit, including those centered on safety, security, and crewing considerations. The enforcement provisions of Section 6 are favorable to flag states and their vessels, and Section 7 contains a number of safeguards for their benefit, so it is in the interests of these parties to have coastal state enforcement governed by Part XII. However, the ability of coastal states to establish and enforce shipping standards that apply within the territorial sea extends to more than just environmental matters. The result is that different standards give rise to different enforcement powers, depending on the maritime zone in which a vessel is located, even if those standards arise from the same international agreement. It is suggested that to remedy these problems, UNCLOS would need to be amended in order to provide a comprehensive enforcement regime for the enforcement of shipping standards. 相似文献
97.
Kazuhiro Iijima Kazuhiro Kimura Weijun Xu Masahiko Fujikubo 《Journal of Marine Science and Technology》2011,16(4):379-389
Dynamic collapse behavior of a ship’s hull girder in waves is investigated; post-ultimate strength behavior is the focus.
Firstly, a simulation method is proposed. Assuming that a plastic hinge is formed during the collapse of the hull girder,
the whole ship is modeled as two rigid bodies connected amidship via a nonlinear rotational spring. The post-ultimate strength
behavior, such as the reduction of load carrying capacity due to buckling and yielding, is reflected in the model. Hydrodynamic
loads are evaluated by using nonlinear strip theory to account for the effect of large plastic deformations on the loads.
A scaled model for validation of the simulation is designed and fabricated. Then a series of tank tests is conducted using
the scaled model to validate the simulation results. Post-ultimate strength behavior characteristics in waves are clarified
by using the numerical and tank test results. It is shown that the hull girder collapses rapidly after reaching ultimate strength,
and then the plastic deformation grows until unloading starts at the collapsed section. Finally, several parametric dependencies
of the extent of the collapse behavior are discussed based on a series of the simulations. 相似文献
98.
Bin Wu 《WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs》2003,2(1):17-32
As a global labour market exists for international shipping, a challenging issue facing this industry is to get access to
reliable, accurate and timely information of seafarers’ demand and supply. Related to the deregulation environment and great
variety in the availability and quality of relevant information, an enquiry into the global seafaring labour market is more
complex than a national labour force survey. To cope with the challenge, a novel approach has been developed by the Seafarers
International Research Centre (SIRC) at Cardiff University. Viewing capital (ship), labour (seafarers) and services (cargo
or passengers) as interconnected and interwoven to each other, it collects and analyses crew lists from main ports world-wide,
resulting in the creation of the first global seafarers database. The purpose of this paper is explain its methodological
principles, and to illustrate its application potential. Taking the cruise sector as an example, research findings and methodological
implications are highlighted. 相似文献
99.
100.
Navigating in confined waters with a pilot aboard requires that the pilot’s intention and plan is understood by all present on the bridge. The present study investigates the effect of having a detailed route plan and monitoring it in the context of pilotage. The aim was to see how the presence of a shared pilot passage plan in the Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) affects the identification and recovery from navigational errors made by a pilot. Twenty participants, 10 with a shared route plan and 10 without, participated as navigators in a simulator scenario involving pilotage in the Oslofjord. Participants were bachelor students in nautical science. The navigation scenarios involved the intentional error by the pilot just before a predefined way point. Three measurements of relevance to navigational safety were recorded: (1) the time it took the participant to express concern, (2) the time it took the participant to correct the error (‘time to recovery’), and (3) the number of groundings. The study revealed that time to express concern and time to recovery were significantly much shorter for the group with a shared pilot passage plan presented in ECDIS than for the group without such a plan. Providing a bridge team with a shared pilot passage plan in ECDIS during pilotage might improve the ability to identify and correct navigational errors. 相似文献