厦门翔安海底隧道防排水施工技术

以厦门翔安海底隧道为背景,详细介绍了大陆第一座海底隧道在防排水方面的设计、施工要点,重点介绍了海底隧道防排水施工过程中应注意的问题和关键技术,为今后的海底隧道防排水施工提供了一些可借鉴的经验。     

Control method of three-level neutral-point-clamped inverter based on voltage vector diagram partition

A new modulation approach was presented for the control of neutral-point (NP) voltage variation in the three-level NP-clamped voltage source inverter, and the average NP current model was established based on vector diagram partition. Thus, theory base was built for balancing control of NP potential. Theoretical analysis and experimental results indicate that the proposed method for NP balancing control vector synthesizing concept based can make the average NP current zero, and do not influence NP potential within every sample period. The effectiveness of proposed research approach was verified by simulative and experimental results.     

车辆吸能部件的碰撞试验与数值仿真

为了设计某列车耐撞性车体,实现列车被动安全保护,进行了台车碰撞试验和数值仿真计算,研究了耐撞性车体吸能部件的吸能特性。在台车撞击试验过程中,吸能部件从预期部位开始发生稳定有序的塑性变形,吸收的冲击动能与最大变形量基本成正比关系,说明该部件具有良好的吸能效果。并在此基础上,应用显式动力有限元理论建立了其有限元撞击模型,进行了数值仿真计算。相关性分析结果表明:仿真结果与试验结果基本一致,在整个撞击过程中,撞击力曲线基本吻合,最大撞击力峰值分别为2486·3、2423·1kN,最大变形量误差和初始撞击力峰值误差都小于3%,反弹速度误差小于4%。显然,利用撞击试验验证了数值计算的有效性和可靠性,利用数值计算设计和优化车辆吸能部件是可行的。     

综合重症监护病房患者呼吸机相关性肺炎的病原学和耐药性分析

目的探讨病原菌在综合重症监护病房(ICU)患者呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)中的分布及对常用抗生素的耐药情况。方法对我院2004-2006年综合ICU患者VAP病原菌的分布及耐药性进行回顾性统计分析。结果从302例综合ICU VAP患者下呼吸道深部分泌物标本中分离出347株病原菌,主要病原菌是铜绿假单胞菌(32.3%)、鲍曼不动杆菌(31.1%)、金黄色葡萄球菌(16.7%)、克雷伯菌(7.5%)与凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(6.1%)。革兰阴性杆菌(G-杆菌)对哌拉西林、头孢噻肟耐药率最高,对碳青霉烯类及加酶抑制剂抗生素耐药率最低;革兰阳性球菌(G 球菌)对青霉素类、克林霉素及红霉素耐药率高,对万古霉素、喹诺酮类抗生素耐药率低。结论G-杆菌是综合ICU患者VAP最主要的病原菌,多重耐药性高;耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)和耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(MR-SCNS)的分离率高且耐药严重。临床医师应根据病原菌学及抗菌药物敏感性资料,及时选择合理的抗生素控制感染,延缓耐药菌株的产生。     

非线性优化AHP法在公交服务水平评价中应用

本文应用非线性优化AHP法确定指标权重系数,改进了传统AHP法的不足之处,针对评价指标的模糊性,建立城市公交服务水平模糊综合评价模型,并通过实例分析和计算,验证了该方法的可行性和实用性。     

Sliding window method for vehicles moving on a long track

The rail is modelled as a simply supported beam in the vehicle–track coupled dynamics. The beam is formulated by a partial differential equation that is transformed into an ordinary differential equation by the method of mode superposition for numerical calculation. However, the size of the matrix that is formed by the mode-superposition method increases significantly with track length, which limits the calculation efficiency. Some methods have been developed to solve this calculation issue, but they diminish the merits of the vehicle–track coupled dynamics, which would systematically investigate the dynamics of a vehicle and a track from the entire vehicle–track system. A new method is developed to resolve this contradiction. First, a theory based on a sliding window is established to improve the computational stability with respect to the length and the window-movement ratio. Then, two methods, namely finite element method analysis and an analytical solution, are used to verify the accuracy of the new method, which is highly efficient when used in a vertical half-vehicle–track coupled model to calculate the vehicle response when the vehicle moves on a long track. The results of the vehicle response calculated with and without the sliding window show good consistency.     

Field measurements of the evolution of wheel wear and vehicle dynamics for high-speed trains

This investigation demonstrates the wheel wear evolution and related vehicle dynamics of high-speed trains with an operating distance (OD) of around two million kilometres. A long-term experimental test lasting two years was conducted to record the wheel profiles and structural vibrations of various trainsets. The wheel wear, namely the profile shape, worn distribution and wheelset conicity, is investigated for several continuous reprofiling cycles. Typical results are illustrated for the stability analysis, and the ride quality is examined with increasing OD. In addition, the vibration transition characteristics between suspensions are investigated in both the time and frequency domains. The experiments show that the dominant wear concentrates on the nominal rolling radius, and the wear rate increases with OD because of the surface softening resulting from the loss of wheel material. The vibration of structural components is aggravated by the increase of the equivalent conicity of the wheelset, which rises approximately linearly with the wheel wear and OD. High-frequency vibrations arise in the bogie and car body related to the track arrangement and wheel out-of-roundness, causing the ride comfort to worsen significantly. Additionally, the system vibration characteristics are strongly dependent on the atmospheric temperature. Summaries and conclusions are obtained regarding the wheel wear and related vehicle dynamics of high-speed trains over long operating times and distances.     

给定最大度的极大拉普拉斯谱单圈偶图

通过图的移接变形对拉普拉斯谱半径的影响,研究了给定最大度为Δ2的n阶极大拉普拉斯谱单圈偶图的性质,得到了它的规范拉普拉斯谱向量中绝对值最大的分量对应的顶点的度均等于Δ且这些顶点的位置均在圈上。     

跨既有铁路斜交式公路拱桥施工方案研究

公跨铁立交桥上跨既有铁路线桥梁安装,施工难度大,安全性要求高,时效性要求强,而公路与铁路斜交时难度更大。以某公铁立交桥为背景,系统介绍施工方案比选,无防护棚架防护跨线制梁与安装方案的具体工艺技术和安全措施,方案安全而高效,可为同类工程提供经验参考。     

基于车辆平顺性分析的橡胶衬套动态特性建模

橡胶衬套的动态特性与载荷的激振频率、幅值等因素相关,其模型的准确性影响车辆平顺性的仿真精度。建立了包含材料弹性、粘弹性与弹塑性的橡胶衬套动态模型,分别采用多项式、分数导数与Bouc-wen模型描述橡胶衬套的弹性、频率相关性及振幅相关性。通过参数辨识确定衬套模型参数并进行仿真,验证了所建模型的准确性。