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介绍了路况视频监控系统的现状和视频转码概况,提出了一种基于H.264的异构视频转码服务器设计方案,阐述了异构视频转码的机理,给出了转码服务器的构成,包括任务调度、转码等模块具体实现,就视频数据进程间通信和网络传输中的数据处理等关键技术进行了分析。采用级联象素域转码结构,使用多线程调度管理、共享内存、环形缓冲等技术实现了该转码系统,并已成功应用于江苏省高速公路的数字视频监控系统中。     

Integrated evasive manoeuvre assist for collision mitigation with oncoming vehicles

Development and deployment of steering based collision avoidance systems are made difficult due to the complexity of dealing with oncoming vehicles during the evasive manoeuvre. A method to mitigate the collision risk with oncoming vehicles during such manoeuvres is presented in this work. A point mass analysis of such a scenario is first done to determine the importance of speed for mitigating the collision risk with the oncoming vehicle. A characteristic parameter was identified, which correlates well with the need to increase or decrease speed, in order to reduce the collision risk. This finding was then verified in experiments using a Volvo XC90 test vehicle. A closed-loop longitudinal acceleration controller for collision mitigation with oncoming vehicles is then presented. The longitudinal control is combined with yaw stability control using control allocation to form an integrated controller. Simulations in CarMaker using a validated XC90 vehicle model and the proposed controller showed consistent reductions in the collision risk with the oncoming vehicle.     

发动机燃用生物柴油-柴油-乙醇混合燃料的性能试验

为了降低柴油机燃用中等比例生物柴油-柴油混合燃料的污染物排放,在1 400r/min和2 000r/min不同负荷条件下,首先对比分析了发动机燃用生物柴油-柴油混合燃料与纯柴油的性能差异,然后在中等比例的生物柴油-柴油混合燃料中分别掺混10%和20%(体积比)的无水乙醇,测定了乙醇掺混比对发动机经济性、动力性和排放特性的影响。结果表明:与纯柴油相比,生物柴油-柴油混合燃料的有效燃油消耗率上升,动力性略有下降,炭烟排放降低,而NO_x排放升高。随着乙醇掺混比的增大,生物柴油-柴油-乙醇混合燃料的有效燃油消耗率升高,小负荷时受乙醇汽化潜热的影响导致有效热效率下降,中等负荷时乙醇对有效热效率的影响不大,而大负荷时乙醇的高含氧量能够提高发动机的有效热效率。1 400r/min和2 000r/min全负荷条件下,发动机的最大功率随乙醇掺混比的增大而下降。在不同负荷条件下,随着生物柴油-柴油-乙醇混合燃料中乙醇掺混比的增大,发动机的炭烟、NO_x和CO排放逐渐降低,小负荷时乙醇的高汽化潜热导致HC排放明显升高。     

古夫隧道软弱围岩普通型机械化配套试验性施工技术

为提高隧道软弱围岩施工安全性和加快施工进度,依托古夫隧道出口段工程,首先通过超前地质预报、监控量测、应力应变测试等判断围岩及掌子面稳定性; 然后通过超前支护、低预应力涨壳式锚杆加固围岩,提高围岩自稳能力; 最后采用普通型机械化配套大断面法施工,对围岩的拱顶沉降、周边收敛、应力应变等进行监测,通过数据分析结果指导现场施工。研究结果表明： 1)隧道软弱围岩普通型机械化配套试验性施工技术可以有效地加快施工进度,保证施工安全; 2)信息化管理可以通过数据分析结果指导现场施工,大大提升隧道施工的管理水平。     

Urban travel time reliability at different traffic conditions

The decision making of travelers for route choice and departure time choice depends on the expected travel time and its reliability. A common understanding of reliability is that it is related to several statistical properties of the travel time distribution, especially to the standard deviation of the travel time and also to the skewness. For an important corridor in Changsha (P.R. China) the travel time reliability has been evaluated and a linear model is proposed for the relationship between travel time, standard deviation, skewness, and some other traffic characteristics. Statistical analysis is done for both simulation data from a delay distribution model and for real life data from automated number plate recognition (ANPR) cameras. ANPR data give unbiased travel time data, which is more representative than probe vehicles. The relationship between the mean travel time and its standard deviation is verified with an analytical model for travel time distributions as well as with the ANPR travel times. Average travel time and the standard deviation are linearly correlated for single links as well as corridors. Other influence factors are related to skewness and travel time standard deviations, such as vehicle density and degree of saturation. Skewness appears to be less well to explain from traffic characteristics than the standard deviation is.     

Feature-Based Cad System Buildup for Passenger Airbag Design

The passenger airbag (PAB) requires a large volume and fast deployment because of the large distance between the dashboard and the passenger. And various shapes and sizes of the PAB are required depending on the type of vehicle. However, since the PAB modeling process for each design change is complicated and time consuming, the design parameters of the PAB could not be well investigated. In this study, a unique feature-based CAD system has been proposed that easily constructs PAB CAD model and then generates PAB FE model for collision analysis. Main keypoints and widths of PAB that determine the shape and size have been extracted by analyzing the geometric-feature of airbag. The PAB CAD model can be easily constructed by inputting keypoints and widths information. Then, from the constructed PAB CAD model, the PAB FE model is automatically generated. Finally, the generated PAB FE model can be directly employed for collision analysis, thereby reducing the modeling time of the PAB and enabling efficient parametric studies on design.     

基于CC工法建造的地下结构受力分析

CC工法作为一种新型地下暗挖技术,为地下工程暗挖施工提供了新的思路,其核心思想是将机械化暗挖小断面结构转换为大断面地下空间建筑结构。为了研究CC工法的结构受力情况,满足CC工法的工法特点需要,使结构安全可靠经济适用,故设计和分析其单元结构和整体结构,并结合CC工法的具体工程应用案例,选取CC工法的3个主要工况进行结构受力分析和设计,得到不同工况的弯剪轴力结果。结果表明： 设计方法和思路较为全面,设计结果安全可靠,能够较好地满足工程需要;同时,研究也为CC工法结构分析和设计提供了方法和依据,为今后相关工程提供了一定的参考。     

重型卡车驾驶室振动传递函数分析和优化

试验测试和分析表明,驾驶室地板振动不仅会导致座椅振动,恶化驾乘舒适性,并且会产生噪声,影响车辆的NVH性能。本文对驾驶室地板的振动进行了分析,计算了某重卡驾驶室地板的传递路径响应和模态贡献量,并与试验测试结果进行了对比。基于经过校核的仿真模型,对驾驶室地板结构进行了优化,提供了改进方案。对改进方案的分析显示,在发动机怠速激励频率下,座椅导轨的振动加速度峰值降低了3.1dB,NVH性能获得了显著的改善。     

利用Cruise软件进行整车动力性和燃油经济性仿真分析

本文论述了利用CRUISE软件进行汽车建模的过程,并对某重型商用车的动力性和燃油经济性进行了仿真分析。     

山区桥梁墩柱长度系数计算方法研究

桥墩的计算长度问题是山区高速公路桥梁设计中的难题。文中以某在建的高速公路桥梁为工程实例,分析探讨桥墩长度系数的计算方法,并介绍目前常用的通过欧拉公式推导长度系数的计算方法,再建立有限元模型进行结构屈曲分析,得到桥墩的计算长度系数。分析比较2种方法可知,结构有限元屈曲分析法能够更准确地考虑桥墩的边界条件及横向联系作用,计算精度更高。