A signal-based fault detection and classification method for heavy haul wagons

This paper proposes a signal-based fault detection and isolation (FDI) system for heavy haul wagons considering the special requirements of low cost and robustness. The sensor network of the proposed system consists of just two accelerometers mounted on the front left and rear right of the carbody. Seven fault indicators (FIs) are proposed based on the cross-correlation analyses of the sensor-collected acceleration signals. Bolster spring fault conditions are focused on in this paper, including two different levels (small faults and moderate faults) and two locations (faults in the left and right bolster springs of the first bogie). A fully detailed dynamic model of a typical 40t axle load heavy haul wagon is developed to evaluate the deterioration of dynamic behaviour under proposed fault conditions and demonstrate the detectability of the proposed FDI method. Even though the fault conditions considered in this paper did not deteriorate the wagon dynamic behaviour dramatically, the proposed FIs show great sensitivity to the bolster spring faults. The most effective and efficient FIs are chosen for fault detection and classification. Analysis results indicate that it is possible to detect changes in bolster stiffness of ±25% and identify the fault location.     

Modelling,simulation and applications of longitudinal train dynamics

ABSTRACT

Significant developments in longitudinal train simulation and an overview of the approaches to train models and modelling vehicle force inputs are firstly presented. The most important modelling task, that of the wagon connection, consisting of energy absorption devices such as draft gears and buffers, draw gear stiffness, coupler slack and structural stiffness is then presented. Detailed attention is given to the modelling approaches for friction wedge damped and polymer draft gears. A significant issue in longitudinal train dynamics is the modelling and calculation of the input forces – the co-dimensional problem. The need to push traction performances higher has led to research and improvement in the accuracy of traction modelling which is discussed. A co-simulation method that combines longitudinal train simulation, locomotive traction control and locomotive vehicle dynamics is presented. The modelling of other forces, braking propulsion resistance, curve drag and grade forces are also discussed. As extensions to conventional longitudinal train dynamics, lateral forces and coupler impacts are examined in regards to interaction with wagon lateral and vertical dynamics. Various applications of longitudinal train dynamics are then presented. As an alternative to the tradition single wagon mass approach to longitudinal train dynamics, an example incorporating fully detailed wagon dynamics is presented for a crash analysis problem. Further applications of starting traction, air braking, distributed power, energy analysis and tippler operation are also presented.     

A robust non-Hertzian contact method for wheel–rail normal contact analysis

A modified Kik–Piotrowski (MKP) model is proposed in this paper for an accurate and robust calculation of wheel–rail normal contact problem. The presented method is able to consider the relationship between the elastic deformation of a line and the normal pressure distribution within the contact patch. A novel shape correction method is put forward to correctly describe the elastic deformation of the contact patch. Taking the results estimated by Kalker’s variational method and Kik–Piotrowski method as references, the proposed method is validated by three contact cases, including the assumed standardised non-Hertzian contact and the two-point contact, as well as the contact behaviours based on three actual wheel–rail profiles. The simulation results indicate that, compared with Kik–Piotrowski method, the proposed MKP method achieves better agreement with Kalker’s variational method. Moreover, the MKP method can avoid the abrupt change of wheel–rail normal force due to the sudden transfer of the contact point, which contributes to a better computational stability.     

Numerical Analysis of the Mixture Formation in a Two-Stroke Wall-Guided LPG DI Engine for Extended-Range Electric Vehicle

The use of automotive LPG characteristics which are easy to evaporate vaporization and carry. The paper presents a design of extended-range electric vehicle for wall-guided two stroke LPG engine with direct injection combustion system. Based on the modified vehicle LPG spray model, a database describing the characteristics of vehicle LPG fuel was built and imported into the CFD software. And the accuracy of the model is verified by the Schlieren experimental results. The concentration and velocity field of the mixture in the cylinder under different load conditions are numerically analyzed. The analyzed result indicated that the start injection time θ = 60°–70°CA BTDC under part load condition, the plug electrode near the gathering of a richer mixture is easy to be fired at spark ignition time, the obvious formation of mixture in cylinder is formed and the overall air-fuel ratio is above 40: 1. The start-transition working condition and large load conditions in the piston moves upward before closing the exhaust port to start injection LPG. The optimized LPG injection start time θ ensures that the fresh gas is locked in the cylinder when the exhaust port is closed (63°CA ABDC). In the ignition time of the spark plug, an ideal homogeneous mixture in the cylinder is realized.     

用于车身制造质量控制的白车身测点布置及优化

在对检测点进行分类定义后阐述了车身设计阶段各类测点的布置原则，在此基础上提出了面向制造偏差诊断的测点布置位置优化方法。     

车辆主动悬架系统的LMS自适应控制

选择LMS自适应滤波算法，通过调整自适应滤波器的权系数使二次性能指标达最小，根据单个样本方差的负梯度来调节权系数；得到控制输出。针对简化的车辆模型，将空钩控制、广义自适应控制与LMS自适应控制相对比。仿真计算表明，主动悬架系统LMS自适应控制策略不仅计算简单，而且理论上在主动悬架系统中的应用是切实可行的，性能明显优于其它对比控制方法。     

沥青路面就地热回收微波技术的探讨

介绍了沥青路面现场加热回收的几种方式．并进行一定的探讨与比较，特别是对微波技术的应用进行了分析。     

系杆拱桥无支架施工探讨

本文结合上海市青浦区蒸浦大桥施工实践 ,简要介绍了钢筋混凝土系杆拱桥无支架施工的工艺。     

部分剪力连接钢-混凝土组合梁附加变形计算

本文在滑移应变微分方程的基础上 ,建立部分剪力连接钢 -混凝土简支组合梁由滑移引起的附加变形方程及组合梁变形计算的一般公式 ,得到了部分剪力连接简支组合梁的附加变形和变形与剪力连接程度系数之间的关系与规律 ,公式简单实用     

如何作好建设工程竣工结算审核工作

工程竣工结算系指施工企业按照合同规定的内容全部完成所承包的工程,经验收质量合格,并符合合同要求之后,向发包单位进行的最终工程款结算.