汽车制造企业生产管理存在的问题分析及解决办法

文章讲述了在汽车制造公司中生产管理的重要意义;对当前汽车企业生产现状进行了分析并列举了汽车制造企业生产过程中需要注意的事项,汇总了生产管理存在的主要问题,并提出了相应的改善方案,对其他企业的生产管理具有参考价值。     

Spectral and time‐frequency analyses of freeway traffic flow

This paper uses spectral and time‐frequency analyses to treat three macroscopic traffic characteristics, namely, time mean speed, volume and occupancy as stochastic processes. Spectral and time‐frequency analyses are performed to characterize power spectral density (PSD), cross‐PSD, autocorrelation and cross‐correlation of these characteristics using TransGuide traffic data collected from four different freeways. It is found that low‐frequency components dominate the PSDs of speed, volume and occupancy at all times. The magnitude of PSDs decreases dramatically as frequency increases and remains almost at a constant level in high‐frequency regimes. A power law is found to exist, which describes the relationship between the frequency and the PSD of traffic characteristics. It is also found that speed can be properly modeled by a narrowband low‐pass stochastic process in a low‐frequency regime and by a nonzero mean white noise in a high‐frequency regime. Strong periodicities and synchronization are both shown in traffic flow. A variety of frequencies can be excited by congestion, and there is no dominant frequency found in stop‐and‐go traffic. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

考虑Pasternak地基模型的基坑开挖诱发既有隧道纵向变形理论分析

邻近隧道进行基坑开挖会破坏周围土体平衡状态，引起既有隧道结构不均匀沉降，最终将对隧道安全运营产生不利影响。为控制基坑开挖所导致的既有隧道纵向变形，基于Pasternak地基模型提出双基坑开挖引起邻近既有隧道纵向变形影响的两阶段简化分析方法，分析软土中双基坑开挖对隧道竖向沉降的影响。对比简化理论计算与三维有限元数值模拟，结果吻合较好，由此可得： 该简化解析法精度较高并且计算简便。此外，针对基坑侧壁与隧道轴线距离、基坑开挖深度和基坑间距等不同工况，分析双基坑平行隧道、双基坑垂直隧道、双基坑斜交隧道3种布置情况下双基坑开挖对邻近隧道竖向变形的影响，分析结果反映了隧道变形的规律。     

2013年5月中国PSC检查数据

一、中国PSC检查情况(一)检查数量2013年5月,中国各PSC检查单位共进行PSC检查850艘次,发现缺陷4510项,单船缺陷数量为5.31项,滞留船舶71艘次,滞留率为8.35%。     

Identifying multiclass vehicles using global positioning system data

It has been previously evidenced that global positioning system (GPS) data can be used to distinguish passenger cars from delivery trucks. In this paper, a machine learning approach is proposed to use GPS data to identify multiclass vehicles, including passenger cars, single unit trucks, and multi-trailer trucks. The method is acceleration and deceleration-based since it considers the variations of acceleration and deceleration as the most effective features to classify vehicles. The overall classification result for the three vehicle classes is about 75%. The major challenge is to distinguish single unit trucks from multitrailer trucks due to their somewhat similar mobility patterns. The paper also explores the impacts of GPS sampling frequency on vehicle classification. It is found that the proposed multiclass vehicle classification can be reasonably conducted if the data are collected frequently enough (i.e., every five seconds or more frequently) to capture the major acceleration and deceleration processes. The proposed method can be considered as a low-cost and non-intrusive approach to collect vehicle class information and to potentially supplement the existing classification schemes in urban areas.     

基于多尺度方法的道路隧道温度场特征研究

隧道火灾往往会造成严重后果。为实现快速准确的火灾报警,以大连路隧道、青浦隧道、白茫雪山隧道正常运营及火灾试验工况下采集的大量正常运营工况温度数据和火灾工况温度数据为对象,使用多尺度分析方法,研究道路隧道火灾工况和正常运营工况不同尺寸下的温度场特征。结合隧道光纤光栅温度系统采集的数据,对隧道火源及其邻域的温度、温度梯度和温度二阶导数进行大量统计描述分析; 同时对火灾时隧道内温度场的波动特征进行论述。通过分析,得出隧道火灾时的温度场具有强烈波动特征,建议使用单位时间内温度的标准差、离散系数来表征隧道温度的波动程度;使用单位时间内温度一阶导数的标准差、离散系数（均值大于0.1）来表征温升的波动程度,并给出常规工况下单位内时间温度标准差的建议取值。最后,通过识别火源点及其邻域的温度波动特征可判断火灾是否发生。     

柴油发电机组公共底座的设计优化

按照技术要求,结合三维建模仿真软件对柴油发电机组公共底座进行设计。为避免与发电机组基频发生模态共振,在设计过程中需避开基频频率。根据设计模型,在总体尺寸及重量双重约束下,采用传统优化设计方法。先从降低模态频率的方法进行了设计优化,经过技术评审,根据专家意见,按提高模态频率的思路进行重新设计。进而总结出一套优化设计的方法与思路,为后续设计工作提供有利的帮助。     

三体船侧体布局及型线优化设计研究

采用分层次优化,首先以总阻力最小为优化目标对某三体船侧体横向和纵向的相对位置进行了优化研究,得到阻力性能最优的三体船侧体布局方案;然后基于侧体最优布局,进行型线优化,最终完成三体船的侧体布局和型线的序列优化。结果表明,所采用的三体船侧体布局及型线优化方法具有可行性,可为三体船船型设计提供参考依据。     

舰用航空中频电源谐波标准适用性分析与制定

本文介绍了国内外相关中频电源谐波标准,不同标准在具体指标上差异明显。文中对不同中频电源标准的谐波限值指标进行了适用性分析,提出了制定舰用航空中频电源系统谐波标准的思路。     

基于外拖车司机卡的集装箱码头提还箱作业分配系统的研究(英文)

集装箱码头进出闸口业务是码头业务中非常重要的一环,根据中远集团和中远太平洋"管理提升"的要求,中远希腊比雷埃夫斯集装箱码头公司(PCT)在2012年底成功实施了自动闸口系统(AGS),极大提高了码头闸口通过效率和安全水平。但受到传统的外拖车提箱/还箱作业流程的影响,自动闸口系统功能一直未能得到充分发挥。从2014年6月到2015年1月,PCT联合希腊各集卡公司、货主协会共同开发了一种基于外拖车司机卡的集装箱码头提还箱作业分配系统