Representing mental maps and cognitive learning in micro-simulation models of activity-travel choice dynamics

This paper develops a model, based on Bayesian beliefs networks, for representing mental maps and cognitive learning into micro-simulation models of activity-travel behavior. Mental maps can be used to address the problem that choice sets in models of travel demand are often ad hoc specified. The theory underlying the model is discussed, a specification is derived and numerical simulation is used to illustrate the properties of the model.     

Control and monitoring for railway vehicle dynamics

Over the last twenty to thirty years, railway vehicle dynamics has changed from being an essentially mechanical engineering discipline to one that is increasingly starting to include sensors, electronics and computer processing. This paper surveys the application of these technologies to suspensions and running gear, focused upon the complementary issues of control (which has been reviewed within Vehicle System Dynamics previously) and monitoring (which has not previously been reviewed). The theory, concepts and implementation status are assessed in each case, from which the paper identifies the key trends and concludes with a forward look at what is likely to develop over the next years.     

隧道工程止漏树脂灌浆技术

隧道沿线经常遭遇断层、剪裂带、卵砾石层、有害气体、软弱地盘及河床下施工等问题,为克服此种困难地质,除了加强支撑措施之外,另外必须采取各种辅助工法才能顺利通过,其中止漏树脂灌浆材料能发挥止水(气)效果与固结功能,增强开挖面自立时间与稳定性.本文首先针对止漏树脂灌浆材料之特性作一概略说明,接着列举多项止漏树脂灌浆技术在台湾隧道工程之应用实例,包括:1)止气灌浆;2)修补衬砌;3)河床下浅覆盖开挖;4)止水灌浆.     

The Influence of In-Plane Tyre Dynamics on ABS Braking of a Quarter Vehicle Model

For efficient analysis it is important to choose the proper model that fits the problem that needs to be solved. This paper discusses three pragmatic simulation models for longitudinal behaviour of a passenger car tyre (Steady State, Transient and Rigid Ring) that may be used in e.g. an ABS simulation. The characteristics of the simulation models are evaluated using some simple simulations. Simulations with a quarter vehicle model that includes load transfer effects are carried out to determine the deviation in results between the mentioned tyre models for an ABS application. The results show that the Steady State model may only be used below 10 Hz and that the Transient model is valid up to about 30 Hz. The results from the ABS simulation with the Rigid Ring model are most reliable and are clearly different from the Steady State and Transient model, which indicates that ABS simulations should be carried out with the Rigid Ring model. Additionally it is demonstrated that for tyre behaviour on uneven roads the influence of the tyre belt cannot be neglected.     

轻轨车辆噪声评价标准初探

根据轻轨车辆噪声的现状及特点,本文认为轻轨车辆的噪声仍以A声级评价为宜,但需规定容许的倍频程带声压值,以抑制低频噪声对人体的影响,同时提出了轻轨车辆噪声的控制标准。最后还指出了A声级评价总体的缺陷,建议应以人体工程学为基础,综合考虑噪声对人体的多方面危害,以制定出更完善的轻轨车辆噪声评价标准。     

模腔注射模拟显式算法中对流项作用的评估

为研究Navier-Stokes方程中对流项对粘性流注射模拟结果的影响,在基于矢量化显式算法模拟软件中加入对流作用项.应用修正后的软件模拟两个典型的注射填充过程的算例,并与相应的实验比较.对模拟和实验结果的比较表明,对流项对粘性流注射填充过程和的其中的自由表面形状的模拟结果影响可以忽略.     

NEURAL NETWORKS PREDICTION FOR SEISMIC RESPONSE OF STRUCTURE UNDER THE LEVENBERG-MARQUARDT ALGORITHM

Activecontrolandsemi activecontrolarenewapproachestoseismichazardmitigationofstructure .Whileinactivecontrolorsemi activecontrol ,mea surementofstructurestate ,transmissionandcalcu lationofsignalandinflictionofcontrolforcerequiretime ,moreover ,controlforceiscalculatedaccordingtotheseismicresponseofstructureinlastepoch ,sothecontrolforceinactivecontrolorsemi activecontrolmaybedistortedduetotime delay .Suchdistortionusuallyincreasestheseismicresponseofstructureandmakesstructuremoredangerous[1-3…     

地铁曲线段不规则磨耗引起的钢轨波磨监测

在小半径曲线的内轨侧出现钢轨短波波磨加剧的现象,是世界上许多铁路网都面临的一个问题。由于地铁线路小半径曲线大量存在,受其影响尤为突出。本文为一实例研究,属于一个研发预测曲线地段钢轨波磨的数值工具课题的一部分。在斯德哥尔摩地铁中一处半径为120m的曲线段上,通过重复测试轨道的粗糙度及列车通过时引起的噪声,监测波磨的发展状况。在一年的打磨过程中,发生了剧烈的短波波磨,最大峰-峰值约为0.15mm。测试数据谱分析显示,在4～14cm波长范围内,粗糙度幅值较大,峰值约在5和8cm处。波磨为单一的纵向形式（波峰与轨道方向垂直）,幅值在100m长的被测轨道段上呈现不规则变化。粗糙度增长速率随时间增加,直至钢轨打磨后的300天,此后仅有少量的附加粗糙度出现。由于平均车速约为30km/h,因此由波磨造成的滚动噪声主要处于200Hz以下的低频段。打磨后的139～300天,4～14cm波长范围内粗糙度级增加10.1dB,与之相应的60～200Hz频段内的滚动噪声级增加4.9dB。在干燥天气条件下,列车通过时引起人体不适的噪声主要是车轮啸鸣噪声而非滚动噪声。     

轨枕间距对钢轨波磨的影响

主要研究轨枕间距对钢轨波磨发展的影响。研究小半径曲线内轨的小矢跨比波磨。这些出现问题的曲线段属于西班牙毕尔巴鄂区域的地铁轨道,铺设着混凝土道床和两层STEDEF型支承垫层。当初始轨枕间距为1000mm时,仅有92万组轮对通过后所测得的波磨深度峰-峰值已经达到0.42mm。随后更换产生波磨的钢轨,比较列车通过时轨枕上方和轨间中部的内轨垂向、横向加速度。当轨枕间距为1000mm时,轨间中部出现频率为204和244Hz的强烈响应,在轨枕上方却未出现。在相邻轨枕中间铺设一个轨枕,使轨枕间距变为500mm,钢轨波磨停止发展。该结论是根据2年的观测结果得到的。