船舶电网谐波分析

本文介绍了电力推进船舶谐波,阐明了谐波产生的原因和谐波的危害,分析总结了抑制船舶谐波的方法和措施。     

A comparison of modelled and real-life driving profiles for the simulation of railway vehicle operation

A key factor in determining the performance of a railway system is the speed profile of the trains within the network. There can be significant variation in this speed profile for identical trains on identical routes, depending on how the train is driven. A better understanding and control of speed profiles can therefore offer significant potential for improvements in the performance of railway systems. This paper develops a model to allow the variability of real-life driving profiles of railway vehicles to be quantitatively described and predicted, in order to better account for the effects on the speed profile of the train and hence the performance of the railway network as a whole. The model is validated against data from the Tyne and Wear Metro, and replicates the measured data to a good degree of accuracy.     

A new approach for improving the performance of freight train timetabling of a single-track railway system

A new approach for improving the performance of freight train timetabling for single-track railways is proposed. Using the idea of a fixed-block signaling system, we develop a matrix representation to express the occupation of inter- and intra-station tracks by trains illustrating the train blocking time diagram in its entirety. Train departure times, dwell times, and unnecessary stopping are adjusted to reduce average train travel time and single train travel time. Conflicts between successive stations and within stations are identified and solved. A fuzzy logic system is further used to adjust the range of train departure times and checks are made to determine whether dwell times and time intervals can be adjusted for passenger and freight trains at congested stations to minimize train waiting times. By combining manual scheduling expertise with the fuzzy inference method, timetable efficiency is significantly improved and becomes more flexible.     

水泥稳定砂砾就地冷再生工艺及其节能环保意义

道路损坏后路基和路面材料的再生利用不仅能够节约大量宝贵的筑路材料,而且具有重要的环境保护意义。采用冷再生技术将原有旧路面材料以专用机械作业方式进行就地再生,并将其作为水泥稳定砂砾摊铺在原有道路上并作为新铺道路的基础是实现上述理念的成功尝试。     

替代燃料的燃料消耗量计算方法

文章介绍了碳平衡原理的两个方面,燃烧和稀释前后的碳质量不变。介绍了完全燃烧后的CO2理论浓度和稀释倍数以及用稀释倍数校正稀释排气的方法,介绍了由碳质量分数推导替代燃料碳质量分数和当量分子式的方法,最后推导得出了可用于替代燃料的燃料消耗量计算公式。     

Interactive stated choice surveys: a study of air travel behaviour

Stated preference (SP) experiments are becoming an increasingly popular survey methodology for investigating travel behaviour. Nevertheless, some evidence suggests that SP experiments do not mirror decisions in real markets. With an increasing number of real world decisions made using the internet, an opportunity exists to improve the realism of the SP counterparts of such choices by aligning the choice environment with such online portals. In this paper, we illustrate the benefits of such an approach in the context of air travel surveys. Our survey is modelled on the interface and functionality of an online travel agent (OTA). As with a real OTA, many ticket options are presented. Sort tools allow the options to be reordered, search tools allow options to be removed from consideration, and a further tool allows attributes to be hidden and shown. Extensive use of these tools is made by the 462 respondents. A traditional SP component was also completed by the respondents. Our exploratory analysis as well as random utility model estimation results confirm not only that respondents seem to engage more actively with the interactive survey, but also that the resulting data allows for better performance in model estimation compared to a more conventional SP experiment. These results have implications for the study of other complex travel choices where interactive surveys may similarly be preferable to standard approaches.     

VMT, energy consumption, and GHG emissions forecasting for passenger transportation

Globalization, greenhouse gas emissions and energy concerns, emerging vehicle technologies, and improved statistical modeling capabilities make the present moment an opportune time to revisit aggregate vehicle miles traveled (VMT), energy consumption, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions forecasting for passenger transportation. Using panel data for the 48 continental states during the period 1998-2008, the authors develop simultaneous equation models for predicting VMT on different road functional classes and examine how different technological solutions and changes in fuel prices can affect passenger VMT. Moreover, a random coefficient panel data model is developed to estimate the influence of various factors (such as demographics, socioeconomic variables, fuel tax, and capacity) on the total amount of passenger VMT in the United States. To assess the influence of each significant factor on VMT, elasticities are estimated. Further, the authors investigate the effect of different policies governing fuel tax and population density on future energy consumption and GHG emissions. The presented methodology and estimation results can assist transportation planners and policy-makers in determining future energy and transportation infrastructure investment needs.     

公路隧道施工阶段防止瓦斯事故的安全措施

针对瓦斯隧道施工,根据实际情况从三个方面提出防止瓦斯事故发生的安全措施,对防止瓦斯事故具有积极作用。     

Physical environments influencing bicyclists’ perception of comfort on separated and on-street bicycle facilities

This study investigates the impacts of physical environments on bicyclists’ perceptions of comfort on separated and on-street bicycle facilities. Based on a field investigation conducted in Nanjing, China, we find that physical environmental factors significantly influencing bicyclists’ perception of comfort on the two types of facility. Cyclists’ comfort is mainly influenced by the road geometry and surrounding conditions on physically separated paths while they pay attention to the effective riding space and traffic situations on on-street bicycle lanes.     

复杂条件下浅埋暗挖地铁车站施工地表沉降规律分析

文章以沈阳地铁中街站大跨度隧道工程为研究对象,应用FLAC3D计算软件,对复杂条件下浅埋暗挖大跨度隧道引起的地表沉降变形特征进行了数值模拟。根据洞桩法施工开挖方案,紧密结合工程实际,将动态施工开挖过程划分五个工况进行模拟,分析各施工工况对地表变形的影响和分布规律,并按工程信息化施工要求事前将预测数据提供施工单位,以指导施工控制地表沉降。模拟结果表明,采用洞桩法开挖施工过程中,对地层土体扰动较大,明显影响隧道中心附近地表变形的步序是小导洞开挖和初期支护扣拱施工阶段,约占最终沉降量的70%;而其他步序影响较小。最终,地表沉降在隧道横向分布呈"W"形态。模拟结果与现场监测数据具有较好的拟合性,表明利用数值分析方法预测大跨度隧道施工期地表沉降是可靠的。