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671.
672.
T. Y. Shin S. Y. Kim J. Y. Choi K. S. Yoon M. H. Lee 《International Journal of Automotive Technology》2011,12(1):103-110
This paper presents a modified lateral control method for an autonomous vehicle with both look-ahead and look-down sensing
systems. To cope with sensor noise and modeling uncertainty in the lateral control of the vehicle, a modified LMI-based H
lateral controller was proposed, which uses the look-ahead information of the lateral offset error measured at the front of
vehicle and the look-down information of the vehicle yaw angle error between the reference lane and the centerline of the
vehicle. To verify the safety and the performance of the lateral control, a scaled-down vehicle was developed, and the positioning
of the vehicle was estimated with USAT. The proposed controller, which uses both look-ahead and look-down information, was
tested for lane changing and reference lane tracking with both simulation and experiment. The simulation and experimental
results show that the proposed controller has better tracking and handling performance compared with a controller that uses
only the look-ahead information of the target heading angle error. 相似文献
673.
T. -H. Chang M. -C. Wang S. -M. Yu 《International Journal of Automotive Technology》2011,12(6):933-942
This study develops a longitudinal control model for automatic car-following with one switch and two controllers. The switch
is operated using fuzzy logic to activate acceleration or trigger braking. The two controllers activate the acceleration pedal
and the brake system and use reference adaptive control theory. A simulation is utilized to evaluate the acceptability of
the proposed model and to compare the traffic characteristics between machine driving (by the proposed model) and human driving
(as represented by the GM-V model). The simulation results indicate that this model is acceptable and is both safe and efficient
for use in traffic. However, the automatic car-following system is more aggressive than humans are, which may be the primary
challenge in implementation. 相似文献
674.
W.-H. Cho J.-G. Ih S.-H. Shin J.-W. Kim 《International Journal of Automotive Technology》2011,12(3):443-450
In this paper, a method to establish a decision criterion to evaluate the quality of small window motors using sound quality
(SQ) metrics is suggested. Although the sound level radiated from the motor is relatively small compared to other sounds in
a car, the sound from an abnormal motor gives an uncomfortable feeling and the impression of abnormal operation, which can
lead to customer complaints. To construct an objective decision criterion, the correlation between the SQ metrics and the
subjective decision on the passing or failure of the motor were investigated. Four representative SQ metrics, viz., loudness,
sharpness, roughness, and fluctuation strength, were calculated for the collected samples. It was observed that the loudness
and roughness of the motor sample group classified as abnormal was higher than those of the normal motors. For a single figure
rating for motor quality, an evaluation index for the motor sound was generated by combining the correlated SQ metrics with
proper weightings. Evaluation results on the specimens that were not employed in generating the quality evaluation index showed
a reasonable agreement with the subjective test at 73%. The suggested quality check method can replace the current subjective
decision procedure to identify the faulty motors. 相似文献
675.
Many wave energy conversion devices have not been well received. The main reasons are that they are too complicated and not economical. However, in the last two decades direct conversion systems have drawn the attention of researchers to their widely distributed energy source due to their simple structure and low cost. The most well-known direct conversion systems presently in use include the Archimedes Wave Swing (AWS) and Power Buoy (PB). In this paper, these two systems were simulated in the same conditions and their behaviors were studied in different wave conditions. In order to verify the simulations, results of the generator of the finite element computations were followed. An attempt was made to determine the merits and drawbacks of each method under different wave conditions by comparing the performance of the two systems. The wave conditions suitable for each system were specified. 相似文献
676.
The present investigation deals with process analysis of oxy-acetylene flame assisted double pass line heating for varying plate thickness. oxy-acetylene flame as the heat source for multi pass line heating to achieve 3-D bending of plates with varying thicknesses was studied. The oxy-acetylene flame was modeled as the moving heat source in the FEM analysis. The transient thermal histories were predicted taking into account the temperature dependent thermo-mechanical properties. A comparative study between single pass and double pass line heating residual deformation was also carried out. The temperature distribution and residual deformations predicted by the numerical model developed in the present work compared fairly well with those of the experimental ones. 相似文献
677.
A new approach that models lift and drag hydrodynamic force signals operating over cylindrical structures was developed and validated. This approach is based on stochastic auto regressive moving average with exogenous (ARMAX) input and its time-varying form, TARMAX. Model structure selection and parameter estimation were discussed while considering the validation stage. In this paper, the cylindrical structure was considered as a dynamic system with an incoming water wave and resulting forces as the input a... 相似文献
678.
Risk management is an inherent part of supplier selection. While companies are enjoying the benefits of outsourcing, risks brought by this practice should be taken into account in the process of decision making. This paper presents a multiobjective stochastic sequential supplier allocation model to help in supplier selection under uncertainty. Demand for products, capacities at suppliers as well as transportation and other variable costs are the main sources of uncertainty and are modeled using probability distributions. Disruptions are exogenous events and the model provides proactive mitigation strategies against disruptions by assigning backup suppliers who can be used in case of a default at a primary supplier. When there is no disruption, the model’s solution is an optimal supplier order assignment, considering operational risks. 相似文献
679.
Michael G.H. Bell Xin Liu Panagiotis Angeloudis Achille Fonzone Solmaz Haji Hosseinloo 《Transportation Research Part B: Methodological》2011,45(8):1152-1161
This paper transfers the classic frequency-based transit assignment method of Spiess and Florian to containers demonstrating its promise as the basis for a global maritime container assignment model. In this model, containers are carried by shipping lines operating strings (or port rotations) with given service frequencies. An origin–destination matrix of full containers is assigned to these strings to minimize sailing time plus container dwell time at the origin port and any intermediate transhipment ports. This necessitated two significant model extensions. The first involves the repositioning of empty containers so that a net outflow of full containers from any port is balanced by a net inflow of empty containers, and vice versa. As with full containers, empty containers are repositioned to minimize the sum of sailing and dwell time, with a facility to discount the dwell time of empty containers in recognition of the absence of inventory. The second involves the inclusion of an upper limit to the maximum number of container moves per unit time at any port. The dual variable for this constraint provides a shadow price, or surcharge, for loading or unloading a container at a congested port. Insight into the interpretation of the dual variables is given by proposition and proof. Model behaviour is illustrated by a simple numerical example. The paper concludes by considering the next steps toward realising a container assignment model that can, amongst other things, support the assessment of supply chain vulnerability to maritime disruptions. 相似文献
680.
Behdad Masih-Tehrani Susan H. Xu Soundar Kumara Haijun Li 《Transportation Research Part B: Methodological》2011,45(8):1128-1151
Disruptions and random supplies have been important sources of uncertainty that should be considered in the design and control of supply chains. There have been many real world examples in which a single catastrophic event has simultaneously degraded the capabilities of several suppliers leading to considerable erosion of profits and goodwill for a company. However, the literature on analytical models that account for the dependence nature of disruptions and its impact on supply chain performance is sparse.In this paper, we consider an m-manufacturer, 1-retailer, newsvendor inventory system with stochastically dependent manufacturing capacities, caused by random disruptions that may simultaneously inflict damages to the capacities of the manufacturers. We develop the structural/analytical properties of key performance measures and optimal inventory policies for the multi-source and assembly inventory systems. We show that stochastic dependence in disruptions can have opposite effects on system performance in the multi-source and assembly systems. While risk diversification is preferred in the multi-source system, risk concentration is preferred in the assembly system. Our results also suggest that, if the retailer ignores the effect of dependent disruptions, then in the multi-source structure, it would underestimate the cost, overestimate the fill rate, and order more units than the optimum; however, in the assembly structure, the opposite would happen. We perform a comprehensive numerical study to validate our analytical results and generate useful managerial and operational insights for effective risk management of supply chains in the presence of dependent supply uncertainty. 相似文献