Subjective-utility travel time budget modeling in the stochastic traffic network assignment

ABSTRACT

In this article, we propose a new model called subjective-utility travel time budget (SU-TTB) model to capture travelers' risk-averse route choices. In the travel time budget (TTB) and mean-excess travel time (METT) model, a predefined confidence level is needed to capture the risk-aversion in route choice. Due to the day-to-day route travel time variations, the exact confidence level is hard to be predicted. With the SU-TTB model, we assume travelers' confidence level belongs to an interval that they may comply with in the route choice. The two main components of SU-TTB are the utility function and the TTB model. We can show that the SU-TTB can be reduced to the TTB and METT model with proper utility function for the confidence levels. We can also prove its equivalence with our recently proposed nonlinear-expectation route travel time (NERTT) model in some cases and give some new interpretation on the NERTT with this equivalence. Finally, we formulate the SU-TTB model as a variational inequality (VI) problem to model the risk-averse user equilibrium (RAUE), termed as generalized RAUE (GRAUE). The GRAUE is solved via a heuristic gradient projection algorithm, and the model and solution algorithm are demonstrated with the Braess's traffic network and the Nguyen and Dupuis's traffic network.     

State estimation in roll dynamics for commercial vehicles

Accurate lateral load transfer estimation plays an important role in improving the performance of the active rollover prevention system equipped in commercial vehicles. This estimation depends on the accurate prediction of roll angles for both the sprung and the unsprung subsystems. This paper proposes a novel computational method for roll-angle estimation in commercial vehicles employing sensors which are already used in a vehicle dynamic control system without additional expensive measurement units. The estimation strategy integrates two blocks. The first block contains a sliding-mode observer which is responsible for calculating the lateral tyre forces, while in the second block, the Kalman filter estimates the roll angles of the sprung mass and those of axles in the truck. The validation is conducted through MATLAB/TruckSim co-simulation. Based on the comparison between the estimated results and the simulation results from TruckSim, it can be concluded that the proposed estimation method has a promising tracking performance with low computational cost and high convergence speed. This approach enables a low-cost solution for the rollover prevention in commercial vehicles.     

快速老化小鼠的学习记忆缺陷及其生化机制

目的用快速老化小鼠(SAMP8)模拟老年痴呆,观察其学习记忆能力,并探讨其学习记忆能力下降的可能机制。方法采用10月龄SAMP8,并用同龄抗快速老化小鼠(SAMR1)作为正常对照。用水迷路检测近记忆以及空间学习记忆能力。用生物化学方法检测大脑皮层线粒体膜电位和ATP酶活力,观察线粒体功能;检测皮层和海马胆碱乙酰基转移酶(ChAT)和乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)的活力,观察中枢胆碱能神经功能;检测血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力和丙二醛(MDA)含量,观察其全身性氧化应激状况。结果与SAMR1相比,SAMP8出现明显的衰老体征,其近记忆和空间学习记忆能力明显减弱,具有衰老和痴呆特征;皮层线粒体膜电位和ATP酶活力显著降低,海马ChAT活力显著下降,AChE活力显著升高,血清SOD活力稍有增高。结论SAMP8可以很好地模拟老年痴呆,其机制包括大脑皮层线粒体功能降低、海马胆碱能神经功能下降以及氧化应激等。     

羟基喜树碱对人胆管癌QBC939裸鼠移植瘤PS2、COX-2的影响

目的探讨羟基喜树碱对人胆管癌QBC939裸鼠移植瘤的乳癌相关肽(PS2)、环氧合酶-2(COX-2)的影响,分析PS2、COX-2与肿瘤发生、发展的关系。方法建立人胆管癌QBC939细胞株裸鼠皮下移植瘤模型,将30只裸鼠随机分成对照组、羟基喜树碱低剂量组和羟基喜树碱高剂量组,观察移植瘤体生长情况,RT-PCR法检测瘤体内PS2、COX-2 mRNA表达。结果与对照组比,羟基喜树碱低、高剂量组都可使移植瘤体的PS2 mRNA表达增高;COX-2 mRNA表达降低,且瘤体生长减慢,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论羟基喜树碱可降低移植瘤COX-2 mRNA表达,增高移植瘤体的PS2 mRNA表达,并使人胆管癌裸鼠移植瘤生长减慢。     

NT4-Ant-Shepherdin[79-87]融合基因重组载体的构建

目的设计构建携带NT4-Ant-Shepherdin[79-87]的cDNA融合基因的重组载体,为针对Survivin的靶向治疗奠定基础。方法应用非对称引物/模板法、PCR技术制备NT4-Ant-Shepherdin[79-87]cDNA片断,连接于pGEM-T-Easy载体,经克隆测序、酶切后与PBV220/NT4质粒连接;转化感受态细胞E.coliDH5α,亚克隆获得NT4-Ant-Shepherdin[79-87]融合基因。结果克隆出Ant-Shepherdin[79-87]基因,经酶切及测序证实结果正确;连接PBV220/NT4,经克隆、酶切,琼脂糖凝胶电泳证实获得321bp的NT4-Ant-Shepherdin[79-87]目的基因片断。结论通过分子生物学技术成功构建了携带NT4-Ant-Shepherdin[79-87]融合基因的重组载体,为进一步研究针对Survivin的靶向抗肿瘤作用奠定了基础。     

健胃愈疡颗粒对慢性胃炎伴幽门螺杆菌感染胃黏膜PAF、PS2的表达及对上皮细胞凋亡的影响

目的观察健胃愈疡颗粒(JWYY)对幽门螺杆菌相关性胃炎胃黏膜乳癌相关肽(PS2)和血小板活化因子(plate-let activating factor,PAF)表达的变化,并分析其可能的作用机制。方法80例幽门螺杆菌感染慢性胃炎患者随机分为2组,治疗组42例给予健胃愈疡颗粒治疗,对照组38例给予西药三联药物治疗。应用胃镜下活检胃黏膜组织快速尿素酶和Warthin-Starry染色法检测幽门螺杆菌,应用Western blot检测PS2、PAF表达变化。应用末端转移酶介导的dUTP切口末段标记法(TUNEL)检测细胞凋亡。第4周复查胃镜。结果治疗组凋亡指数明显比对照组减少(P<0.05),治疗组总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)。Western blot检测显示:JWYY颗粒可上调PS2并下调PAF的表达,而对照组对胃黏膜PS2和PAF的表达影响不大。结论健胃愈疡颗粒治疗幽门螺杆菌(Hp)相关性胃炎可能与杀灭Hp、上调PS2和下调PAF的表达来抑制细胞凋亡有关。     

跨既有线支架现浇简支梁桥施工方案研究

由于既有铁路安全限界的限制,新建跨既有铁路高墩简支梁桥的施工空间小、施工难度大,方案制定较为困难。针对跨既有铁路高墩简支梁桥的实际情况,确定盖梁、现浇梁的施工方案为托架与贝雷梁相结合的方法,经结构受力检算,方案构件均满足施工要求。实施结果表明:该方案较为经济、施工速度快、安全可靠,可为以后类似工程的施工提供参考。     

舰船电力系统保护性能优化的自适应算法

为满足舰船电力系统保护在快速性和选择性方面的要求,提出保护性能优化模型,根据电力系统的运行方式、拓扑结构和故障类型的变化,实时在线计算并修改保护整定值的自适应保护方法。将快速性和选择性指标作为保护性能综合指标的基本元素,采用模拟退火粒子群算法进行优化,最终实现不同运行工况下保护性能最优的整定值自适应调整。并在PSCAD/EMTDC软件中建立包含自适应保护算法的舰船电力系统保护仿真模型,仿真结果证明所提方法可有效提高系统保护性能。     

基于大型打桩船桩架的三维力学特性分析

应用国际广泛使用的大型通用结构有限元分析程序ALGOR对110m大型打桩船桩架进行了三维力学分析,该装备是国内最高并在海上施工的桩架,因此对各工况进行了详细的分析研究,并给出了合理的设计建议。对从事该领域设计施工者有一定指导作用。     

灌河口水动力条件对口门整治工程响应分析

为研究灌河口各整治工程实施后对河口纳潮量、潮位、流速的影响并提出最优的灌河口整治方案,首先分析了灌河口的自然条件;然后构建二维水流数学模型,根据实测资料对模型进行验证;最后利用数学模型对各整治方案实施前后的水力特性变化进行分析。口门整治工程实施后结果表明:仅导堤工程的实施对河口纳潮量影响较大,应配合航道疏浚工程来缓解其带来的影响;导堤工程和航道工程同时实施后,双导堤内水流进一步归顺,流速有所增大,对维持航道水深较有利。