An exploratory investigation of the impact of ramp metering on driver acceleration behavior

Ramp metering has been proven as an effective freeway management strategy; however, the impact of ramp metering on drivers' acceleration behavior has not been fully investigated. A better understanding of acceleration behavior changes with ramp metering is critical to the adequate design of ramp metering facilities. In this study, drivers' speed and acceleration data were collected at two representative metered ramps in Los Angeles, California. The speed and acceleration profiles under meter-on and meter-off scenarios were compared. Statistical results demonstrated that ramp metering affects drivers' acceleration behavior at ramp acceleration lane. It was found that at the metered ramp with short existing acceleration length, the average acceleration rate from ramp meter stop bar to 500 ft downstream under meter-on scenario (4.72 ft./s²) is approximately 40% higher than when meter-off (3.18 ft./s²). The design of acceleration lane length for metered on-ramps should therefore take into account the potential impacts of ramp metering on driver acceleration behavior.     

基于欧雷准则的某纯电动车悬架刚度优化匹配研究

在车型开发前期对悬架系统刚度、阻尼进行合理的优化匹配,不仅能缩短整车开发周期,同时还能提升整车性能,基于欧雷准则,以车辆二自由度模型为基础研究了前、后悬架刚度优化匹配的方法,并在某电动车动力学性能开发前期得以应用,通过实车试验与优化结果对比充分验证了该方法具有一定的工程应用价值,且能够大大缩短样车开发周期。     

Intrazonal or interzonal? Improving intrazonal travel forecast in a four-step travel demand model

Transportation - Conventional four-step travel demand models, used by most metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs), state departments of transportation, and local planning agencies, are the...     

空调导流罩安装角度对市域列车气动阻力的影响

空调设备作为维持轨道车辆车内乘客舒适度的重要组成部分,其外形结构对列车的气动阻力会产生影响.合理的空调导流罩安装角度可以有效降低列车气动阻力.利用计算流体力学(Computational Fluid Dynamics,CFD)方法研究空调导流罩安装角度对160 km/h市域列车气动阻力的影响.研究结果表明:空调导流罩安...     

基于PCMS系统结构专业材料预测的应用研究

随着海洋石油工程(青岛)有限公司在生产项目管理精细化方面不断提高,项目管理团队对PCMS系统在结构专业材料预测提出更高的管理需求.本文以原材料供货紧缺的MDS(Multiple Discipline Support)下料和预制阶段为应用场景,阐述通过应用PCMS系统现有功能辅以软件定制开发实现材料精准预测,提供施工决策...     

Modeling delay at signalized intersections with channelized right‐turn lanes considering the impact of blockage

This paper presents a probabilistic delay model for signalized intersections with right‐turn channelization lanes considering the possibility of blockage. Right‐turn channelization is used to improve the capacity and to reduce delay at busy intersections with a lot of right‐turns. However, under heavy traffic conditions the through vehicles will likely block the channelization entrance that accrues delay to right‐turn vehicles. If the right‐turn channelization gets blocked frequently, its advantage in reducing the intersection delay is neglected and as a result the channelization lane becomes inefficient and redundant. The Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) neglects the blockage effect, which may be a reason for low efficiency during peak hours. More importantly, using HCM or other standard traffic control methods without considering the blockage effects would lead to underestimation of the delay. To overcome this issue, the authors proposed delay models by taking into account both deterministic and random aspects of vehicles arrival patterns at signalized intersections. The proposed delay model was validated through VISSIM, a microscopic simulation model. The results showed that the proposed model is very precise and accurately estimates the delay. In addition, it was found that the length of short‐lane section and proportion of right‐turn and through traffic significantly influence the approach delay. For operational purposes, the authors provided a step‐by‐step delay calculation process and presented approach delay estimates for different sets of traffic volumes, signal settings, and short‐lane section lengths. The delay estimates would be useful in evaluating adequacy of the current lengths, identifying the options of extending the short‐lane section length, or changing signal timing to reduce the likelihood of blockage. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

顶上隧道涌泥成因分析及整治

针对顶上隧道施工过程中的涌泥事故,通过地质调查、地质雷达探测、钻探等手段,详细研究了事故发生地段的工程地质情况、水文地质情况;分析了该隧道岩溶的发育、赋存、分布规律及规模;指出顶上隧道涌泥的主要原因是岩溶洼地及落水洞中的地表积水和残坡积水以及基岩裂隙水,经岩溶管道不断地渗透于花岗岩体与钙质砂页岩及灰岩接触部位的薄弱地带,从而形成了以垂直发育为主封闭性较好的管道溶洞。实践中结合地质补勘结果,采用跟管管棚、溶洞回填、加强溶洞段初期支护等治理措施,对顶上隧道的涌泥进行了有效处治。     

道路运输行业安全监管现状分析及对策研究

结合道路运输行业安全监管现状,从道路运输行业安全监管职责和内容、监管方式、安全检查方面对道路运输行业安全监管存在的问题进行分析,并有针对性的提出了相应的建议和对策。     

沉管隧道预制管节顶推滑移系统摩擦试验研究

为了针对某大型沉管隧道预制管节的顶推滑移系统选择合适的摩擦面材料,文章对该顶推滑移系统的四组拟采用摩擦面材料(不锈钢板-PTFE、不锈钢板-NGE、普通钢板-PTFE、普通钢板-NGE)进行了静、动态摩擦系数测试。利用20 000 k N压剪试验机、采用双剪法进行了模拟测试试验。试验结果表明:(1)四组被测试摩擦面的摩擦系数中,不锈钢板与PTFE板的最小,普通钢板与PTFE板的最大;(2)锂基润滑油和水对减小不锈钢板与PTFE板之间的静、动摩擦系数效果都十分明显,但锂基润滑油对摩擦系数的减小效果会随着油层被挤压变薄而逐渐减弱。该试验结果为该顶推滑移系统的摩擦面材料选择以及摩擦面润滑处理措施提供了重要参考依据。