Asymmetry of Columbia River tidal plume fronts

Columbia River tidal plume dynamics can be explained in terms of two asymmetries related to plume-front depth and internal wave generation. These asymmetries may be an important factor contributing to the observed greater primary productivity and phytoplankton standing crop on the Washington shelf. The tidal plume (the most recent ebb outflow from the estuary) is initially supercritical with respect to the frontal internal Froude number F_R on strong ebbs. It is separated from the rotating plume bulge by a front, whose properties are very different under upwelling vs. downwelling conditions. Under summer upwelling conditions, tidal plume fronts are sharp and narrow (< 20–50 m wide) on their upwind or northern side and mark a transition from supercritical to subcritical flow for up to 12 h after high water. Such sharp fronts are a source of turbulent mixing, despite the strong stratification. Because the tidal plume may overlie newly upwelled waters, these fronts can mix nutrients into the plume. Symmetry would suggest that there should be a sharp front south of the estuary mouth under summer downwelling conditions. Instead, the downwelling tidal plume front is usually diffuse on its upstream side. Mixing is weaker, and the water masses immediately below are low in nutrients. There is also an upwelling–downwelling asymmetry in internal wave generation. During upwelling and weak wind conditions, plume fronts often generate trains of non-linear internal waves as they transition from a supercritical to a subcritical state. Under downwelling conditions, internal wave release is less common and the waves are less energetic. Furthermore, regardless of wind conditions, solition formation almost always begins on the south side of the plume so that the front “unzips” from south to north. This distinction is important, because these internal waves contribute to vertical mixing in the plume bulge and transport low-salinity water across the tidal plume into the plume bulge.F_R and plume depth are key parameters in distinguishing the upwelling and downwelling situations, and these two asymmetries can be explained in terms of potential vorticity conservation. The divergence of the tidal outflow after it leaves the estuary embeds relative vorticity in the emerging tidal plume water mass. This vorticity controls the transition of the tidal plume front to a subcritical state and consequently the timing and location of internal wave generation by plume fronts.     

水下爆炸冲击波作用下加筋板结构动态响应研究

运用大型商业有限元程序MSC.Dytran数值模拟了水下爆炸冲击波作用下舰船底部板架结构的响应,采用一般耦合算法（General Coupling）模拟了流体与结构的耦合效应,在计算中考虑了材料的应变率强化效应,并将数值仿真结果与试验结果进行了比较,两者吻合较好。结果表明：合理的设置计算参数,有限元模型能够很好地模拟水下爆炸冲击波对舰船底部结构的冲击作用。在此基础上分析了板架的变形模式,加强筋在板架变形过程中的作用,以及板架最大塑性应变出现的位置。     

船体总纵强度问题的试验分析

为了了解上层建筑在船体总纵强度中的作用和各种不同航行状态下船体的总纵弯曲应力水平,本文通过试验方法对船舶在航行状态下的总纵弯曲强度进行了测试。通过对测试结果分析得出结论：长上层建筑在船体总纵强度中起着重要作用,顶浪和首斜浪是船舶航行的最危险的工况。     

基于细分曲面的船体曲面造型及静水力参数计算

提出采用细分曲面进行船体曲面造型,结合多边形及多面体的几何特性计算公式进行船舶静水力性能参数计算新方法。推导并整理出两套多边形及由三角单元围成的多面体的几何特性计算公式。根据文中方法对一组数学船型的部分静水力参数进行计算,并将计算结果与精确解进行比较,验证该方法的有效性。同时与传统的辛普生法、Maxsurf软件计算方法作了比较,说明所提出方法的有效性和通用性。     

三峡库区消落带土壤重金属含量变化特征研究

采集三峡库区消落带土壤,对干湿交替运行下消落带土壤重金属迁移转化特征进行研究。结果表明:汛期水体重金属含量明显高于汛后,消落带土壤重金属的迁移转化引起的环境风险较低。消落带土壤Cu和Cr主要以残渣态存在,生态风险较低,Pb和Cd可提取态重金属含量较高,潜在生态风险较大。长期周期性干湿交替运行下消落带土壤重金属含量总体呈现增加趋势,土壤中Cu,Pb,Cd,Cr的含量分别提高了17.04%,24.49%,12.99%及13.70%,总体而言,增大幅度排序为Pb>Cu>Cr>Cd。     

高速公路水泥稳定碎石基层施工质量控制

水泥稳定碎石基层是国内高速公路广泛采用的基层类型。本文针对高速公路水泥稳定碎石基层原材料、混合料组成设计、试铺及施工等过程的质量要求,提出了水泥稳定碎石施工质量控制要点。     

松木桩加固地基在大型厢涵工程中的运用

以某大型排污厢涵工程实践为背景,介绍了松木桩在淤泥软土地基加固中的应用。从场地条件及松木桩的适用性论述了软基处理方案设计的原理,阐述了松木桩的独特性能以及试验表现出的力学特性,给出了松木桩施工的工艺流程,以及处理软基的效果评价。实践表明:松木桩用于软土地基的加固,在特定的条件下具有造价低、工期短、能因地制宜等独特的优势,处理后的地基具有总沉降量小,能促进强度增长,整体强度高的特点。     

智能交通系统中的交通信息采集技术研究进展

实时、准确的交通信息采集是智能交通的基础。根据被采集车辆是否与采集系统进行交互,交通信息采集技术分为两大类:独立式采集技术和协作式采集技术。分析了各种采集技术的特点、适用场合和发展现状,并提出了未来的发展趋势:车辆内部信息的直接获取、交换式信息采集、多种采集技术的融合。     

基于半监督极限学习机的隧道内车辆RSSI定位方法

为了提高公路隧道突发事件的判别效率,实现道路交通状态全天候监测,以智能公路上泛在无线传感网络为基础,研究了基于信号强度指示值(RSSI)的网联车辆定位问题;考虑到隧道内车辆的连续运动特性,提出了一种带有局部线性嵌入(LLE)算法的半监督极限学习机(SSELM)实现RSSI指纹定位;离线阶段利用LLE对少量已标记位置的R...     

一款牵引车踏梯结构优化

上车踏梯作为一种上车辅助部件,在牵引车零部件模块属不可或缺的构成单元,为了提升客户日常使用及维护满意度,对一款牵引车上车踏梯结构及材质优化改进,经对比分析、验证,优化后产品实现降重60%,且产品结构强度及使用舒适性显著提升。