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361.
美国 《铁道机车车辆工人》2009,(5)
用超声波检测,根据测试的灵敏度,可获得焊缝不连续性的6个基本方面:(1)与标准反射物的回波信号相比较,从试样的反射波幅的大小可以近似地估计反射区的大小. 相似文献
362.
Akhil K. Vaish Shijie Chen Neeraja S. Sathe Ralph E. Folsom Promod Chandhok Kuo Guo 《Transportation》2010,37(6):825-848
The National Household Transportation Survey (NHTS) was designed at the national level, and for most states it does not have
a large enough sample to produce reliable estimates, especially for subdomains (e.g., age groups) within a state. Using the
2001 NHTS, we produced small area estimates (SAEs) of the percentage of persons among four age groups (17 or younger, 18–39,
40–54, and 55 or older) having high daily person-miles of travel (more than 87.5 miles a day, which is the 90th percentile for daily person-miles traveled) and associated prediction intervals
for all 50 states and the District of Columbia. The survey weighted hierarchical Bayes (Folsom et al., Proc of the Sect on
Surv Res Methods of the Am Stat Assoc 371–375, 1999) small area estimation (SAE) methodology was used to produce state-level SAEs. This paper describes the methodology and shows
that SAE can be an effective technique for producing reliable state-level estimates from large, national surveys like the
NHTS. In particular, the prediction interval relative widths for SAEs were, on average, 31–48% narrower than the corresponding
design-based confidence interval widths, whereas for small states the reduction was around 47–63%. 相似文献
363.
文章阐述了美国地铁、高速列车等轨道车辆的发展水平、动态,以及铁道车辆市场现状。介绍了美国针对铁路事故而开展提高车辆强度、抗碰撞能力的研究及取得的成果。 相似文献
364.
URANS analysis of a broaching event in irregular quartering seas 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Pablo M. Carrica Kwang-Jun Paik Hamid S. Hosseini Frederick Stern 《Journal of Marine Science and Technology》2008,13(4):395-407
Ship motions in a high sea state can have adverse effects on controllability, cause loss of stability, and ultimately compromise
the survivability of the ship. In a broaching event, the ship losses control, naturally turning broadside to the waves, causing
a dangerous situation and possibly capsizing. Classical approaches to study broaching rely on costly experimental programs
and/or time-domain potential or system-based simulation codes. In this paper the ability of Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes
(RANS) to simulate a broaching event in irregular waves is demonstrated, and the extensive information available is used to
analyze the broaching process. The demonstration nature of this paper is stressed, as opposed to a validated study. Unsteady
RANS (URANS) provides a model based on first principles to capture phenomena such as coupling between sway, yaw, and roll,
roll damping, effects of complex waves on righting arm, rudders partially out of the water, etc. The computational fluid dynamics
(CFD) method uses a single-phase level-set approach to model the free surface, and dynamic overset grids to resolve large-amplitude
motions. Before evaluating irregular seas two regular wave cases are demonstrated, one causing broaching and one causing stable
surf riding. A sea state 8 is imposed following an irregular Bretschneider spectrum, and an autopilot was implemented to control
heading and speed with two different gains for the heading controller. It is concluded that the autopilot causes the ship
to be in an adverse dynamic condition at the beginning of the broaching process, and thus is partially responsible for the
occurrence of the broaching event. 相似文献
365.
A framework for developing object-oriented software in transport modelling in proposed and demonstrated with the implementation of the calculation of road traffic noise (CORTN). Major tasks in the life cycle of an object-oriented development process are identified, and illustrated with the implementation of TRANSOOP – a software library containing 33,000 lines of C++ programming code. Software re-use from this library to produce a object-oriented noise program is compared with conventional computer programming shows that almost 90 per cent of the lines of code were drawn from TRANSOOP. Advantages of the object-oriented approach are discussed. 相似文献
366.
This paper discusses the development of a system model for the wireless steering wheel angle sensor and steering wheel system
for the evaluation of the steer by wire system in a vehicle dynamic system. The steering wheel sensor is a wireless, contact-less
sensor utilizing an optical medium for angle detection. The optical medium is operated based on a photodiode and photo-detector
head. A reflecting disc or code-wheel, working similar to a compact disc, is used to reflect the light from the photodiode
back to the photo-detector. The beam is reflected based on the content in the reflective disc to measure the relative angle
through a micro-controller. The proposed wireless steering sensor and steer by wire system is modeled using the Matlab/Simulink
and their performance is investigated to evaluate the steering response, vehicle dynamics, and steering feel of the system.
Finally, the feasibility of the proposed system is discussed based on the developed model and simulation results. 相似文献
367.
锰粉加工工人心血管功能的调查研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
对 55 名锰粉加工工人和 56 名对照工人的调查结果显示,工人工作地点 Mn O2 浓度几何均值为 196 m g/m 3 (锰尘 017~22.24 m g/m 3 ),样品超标率 887% 。接触组头晕头痛、睡眠障碍、容易疲劳和记忆不良的主诉率明显高于对照组( P<005~001)。接触组和对照组的心电图异常、高血压和低舒张压检出率未见显著性差异,其心率、 P R间期、 Q R S波、收缩压和舒张压的均值比较也没有显著性差异。接触组心电图异常和低舒张压的 O R分别是 1.56(95% 可信区间为 070~3.50)和 2.08(95% 可信区间为 018~23.57)。 相似文献
368.
在传统运输问题的研究中,供应和需要都是确定的,然而在实际中,运输过程中的各个环节相当复杂,物资供应量和市场需要都具有不确定性。针对这种不确定因素,运用随机机会约束规划的理论方法,建立在随机环境中运输问题的机会约束规划模型,结合神经网络和遗传算法,设计适用于此条件的混合智能算法来求解。通过实例的计算和分析,显示该模型不论在计算随机运输问题的过程中,还是其结果的准确性上均具有较强的实践意义。 相似文献
369.
Second-order estimates to measure platform reliability are generated and used to provide an additional space to select safety
margins appropriate to the owner's perception or for risk-averse managers. The aleatory and epistemic uncertainties in the
parameters of an offshore platform are explicitly considered in the reliability analysis and the platform structural reliability
becomes a random variable, assessing then the beneficial effects of a reduction on these uncertainties. One of these benefits
is for risk-aversive managers who often demand additional room to make conservative decisions regarding reliability estimations.
Proposed here is a procedure to generate the frequency diagram of platform reliability with the use of confidence bounds to
support reliability and cost decisions based on percentiles instead of mean values. The concepts are illustrated through a
typical offshore platform in Mexico. The frequency diagram of the platform reliability index is built for several alternative
designs and three levels of epistemic uncertainty. The results may be applied for decision making on new designs and also
on the assessment and optimal inspection, retrofit, and decommissioning of existing platforms. 相似文献
370.
Automotive transmission efficiency measurements are usually performed on purpose-built rigs. A simple model was developed
for calculating the overall transmission efficiency of passenger cars by using a chassis dynamometer. Wheel power and engine
output were measured, and these values were used for calculations. The proposed method can only be employed for vehicles with
manual drive because it requires constant speed measurements. Two case studies were investigated, with front-wheel and rear-wheel
drive passenger cars. The results obtained from using the proposed model are in good agreement with data provided in the literature. 相似文献