Three-dimensional numerical simulation of splat formation on substrates in plasma spraying

Plasma sprayed coatings are built up by the accumulation of splats formed by the impacting, spreading and solidifying of molten droplets on the substrate. A three-dimensional computational model including heat transfer and solidification is established to simulate the formation process of a single splat using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software, FLUENT. The fluid flow and energy equations are discretized and solved according to typical finite volume method on an unstructured grid. A volume of fluid (VOF) tracking algorithm is used to track the droplet flow with free surface. In order to understand the splat formation mechanism, the process of splat formation caused by impacting and spreading of a molten nickel droplet on a polished mild steel surface is simulated. On this basis, the simulations of impact of a molten droplet on substrate with different conditions including the surface morphology, thermal conductivity, initial temperature of the substrate and the thermal contact resistance are presented. The results clearly show the effect of those parameters on the shape of the final splat and splash behaviors.     

A selection scheme for optimum number of cooperative secondary users in spectrum sensing

An optimization scheme for choosing the optimum number of secondary users in cooperative spectrum sensing based on the cyclostationary feature detection with Neyman-Pearson criterion is proposed in this paper. The optimal soft combination test statistic for the cooperative spectrum sensing based on cyclostationary feature detection is derived according to the generalized likelihood ratio test and its corresponding detection performance is deduced. A target function, considering two important parameters as the resource use efficiency and the number of samples employed by each cooperative secondary user in the system design, is constructed to obtain the optimum number of cooperative secondary users. It can be found that the selection scheme is to make a tradeoff between the system complexity of the cognitive radio network and the global sensing performance of the cooperative spectrum sensing.     

Automatic product image classification with multiple support vector machine classifiers

For the task of visual-based automatic product image classification for e-commerce, this paper constructs a set of support vector machine (SVM) classifiers with different model representations. Each base SVM classifier is trained with either different types of features or different spatial levels. The probability outputs of these SVM classifiers are concatenated into feature vectors for training another SVM classifier with a Gaussian radial basis function (RBF) kernel. This scheme achieves state-of-the-art average accuracy of 86.9% for product image classification on the public product dataset PI 100.     

External equality and absolute equality coincide in finite CCS and <Emphasis Type="Italic">π</Emphasis> calculus without summation

External equality and absolute equality are defined model independently by Fu. It is interesting and important to know whether these two equalities coincide or not. There are some results in Fu’s paper for this issue. It is relatively easy to prove the coincidence if the summation operator is in the language, otherwise it is harder. In fact Fu proposed it as an open problem whether the two equalities coincide in some languages without summation. In this paper, the proofs of the coincidence in finite CCS and π calculus without summation are given.     

Reputation-based collaborative spectrum sensing scheme in cognitive radio networks

Collaborative spectrum sensing is proposed to improve the detection performance in cognitive radio (CR) networks. However, most of the current collaborative sensing schemes are vulnerable to the interference of the malicious secondary users (SUs). In this paper we propose a reputation-based collaborative spectrum sensing scheme to improve the security of cooperative sensing by mitigating the impacts of misbehaviors. The fusion center calculates the reputation rating of each SU according to their history reports to weight their sensing results in the proposed scheme. We analyze and evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme and its advantages over previous schemes in expansibility and integrity. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can minimize the harmful influence from malicious SUs.     

Development and application of thermal mathematical model of iron ore pellet bed in grate

Based on the analysis of heat transfer mechanics, physical and chemical change of pellet drying and preheating process in grate, the mathematical model is established and solved by three-diagonal matrix algorithm. With Visual Basic 6.0 a simulation software is developed. The model is verified by measurements at a domestic pellet plant, and the temperature distribution of pellet bed is gained. Meanwhile, the influence of different operation parameters on the pellet thermal process is studied. The results can be taken as a basis of practical production control and the grate optimizing design.     

Asymptotic field of mode Ⅱ dynamic growing crack in visco-elastic material

A mechanical model of visco-elastic material is established in order to investigate viscous effect in dynamic growing crack-tip field of mode Ⅱ. It is shown that in stable creep growing phase, elastic deformation and viscous deformation are equally dominant in the near-tip field, the stress and strain have the same singularity, namely, (σε) ∝r^-1/(n-1). The asymptotic solutions of separatied variables of stress, stain and displacement in crack-tip field are obtained by asymptotic analysis, and the results of numerical value of stress and strain in crack-tip field are obtained by shooting method. Through numerical calculation, it is shown that the near-tip fields are mainly governed by the creep exponent n and Mach number M. By the asymptotic analysis to the crack-tip field, the fracture criterion of mode Ⅱ dynamic growing crack of visco-elastic materials is put forward from the point of view of strain.     

Fully secure revocable attribute-based encryption

Distributed information systems require complex access control which depends upon attributes of protected data and access policies. Traditionally, to enforce the access control, a file server is used to store all data and act as a reference to check the user. Apparently, the drawback of this system is that the security is based on the file server and the data are stored in plaintext. Attribute-based encryption (ABE) is introduced first by Sahai and Waters and can enable an access control mechanism over encrypted data by specifying the users’ attributes. According to this mechanism, even though the file server is compromised, we can still keep the security of the data. Besides the access control, user may be deprived of the ability in some situation, for example paying TV. More previous ABE constructions are proven secure in the selective model of security that attacker must announce the target he intends to attack before seeing the public parameters. And few of previous ABE constructions realize revocation of the users’ key. This paper presents an ABE scheme that supports revocation and has full security in adaptive model. We adapt the dual system encryption technique recently introduced by Waters to ABE to realize full security.     

Mesoscale subduction at the Almeria–Oran front: Part 1: Ageostrophic flow

This paper presents a detailed diagnostic analysis of hydrographic and current meter data from three, rapidly repeated, fine-scale surveys of the Almeria–Oran front. Instability of the frontal boundary, between surface waters of Atlantic and Mediterranean origin, is shown to provide a mechanism for significant heat transfer from the surface layers to the deep ocean in winter. The data were collected during the second observational phase of the EU funded OMEGA project on RRS Discovery cruise 224 during December 1996. High resolution hydrographic measurements using the towed undulating CTD vehicle, SeaSoar, traced the subduction of Mediterranean Surface Water across the Almeria–Oran front. This subduction is shown to result from a significant baroclinic component to the instability of the frontal jet. The Q-vector formulation of the omega equation is combined with a scale analysis to quantitatively diagnose vertical transport resulting from mesoscale ageostrophic circulation. The analyses are presented and discussed in the presence of satellite and airborne remotely sensed data; which provide the basis for a thorough and novel approach to the determination of observational error.