大鼠海马神经元自发放电对皮下注射福尔马林的反应

采用玻璃微电极细胞外记录法，观察了清醒完整大鼠海马神经元自发放电对皮下注射福尔马林的反应。结呆显示，在海马CA2／CA3区可记录到痛兴奋、痛抑制和非痛敏三种神经元。同侧前爪皮下注射福尔马林后，痛兴奋神经元的自发放电显著增多，而痛抑制神经元的自发放电显著减少，这种变化在给予福尔马林后30min左右达到最大值，在60min左右恢复到对照水平；但在给予福尔马林后，非痛敏神经元的自发放电无明显变化。以上实验结果提供了在福尔马林痛模型中，海马在痛感受或痛反应过程中发挥一定作用的电生理证据。     

铁道车辆通过辙叉时的垂向动力模拟计算

在车辆－轨道垂向系统统一模型的基础上，提出铁道车辆－辙叉相互模型。对道岔结构作一定的简化处理，针对道岔垂向几何不平顺，运用轮轨系统耦合动力学理论，模拟计算得到车辆通过道岔辙叉时的轮轨冲击力以及车体、辙叉、岔枕和道床等振动响应。模拟结果显示：辙叉叉心处的不平顺空间，是直接影响轮轨冲击力的部位，它可以引起较大的轮轨冲击力，并引起车辆与轨下基础结构振动。     

Rapid first-stage tests of on-ship infection

Protection against on-ship infectious disease—whether due to mishap or to harmful purpose—faces special situational problems. Sometimes, when infection levels on board have reached threshold levels, emergency actions are required. Often, the most thorough strategies for responding to threat are not feasible. A rapid first-stage test (RFT) is a fast, minimally invasive procedure used to rule out from possible infection a large percentage of an infection-threatened group. Prevention and control of on-ship infection need to combine various interconnected tactics. When timely criterion tests are not possible, the medical team must adopt fast alternative measures. The methods used to summarize protection against on-ship infectious agents included a scientific literature review and a web search. The fields of the review were maritime, health, and technology sources. Special attention was paid to material dealing with risks and threats of on-ship penetration by infectious agents, on-ship infection prevalence thresholds, and rapid diagnostic screens. The Bayes rule and the law of large numbers were applied to the analysis, for large on-ship populations, of RFT indications of crossing of an infection prevalence threshold. The increasing risk of serious on-ship infection—either accidental or purposeful—calls for a multi-layered protection approach. RFTs are a key part of the outer layer of such a defense. Well-designed and well-administered RFTs provide several advantages for defense against on-ship infection: low-cost, non-invasive, fast, and focuses on a drastically smaller number of infection possibilities.     

Vocational and academic approaches to maritime education and training (MET): Trends,challenges and opportunities

Traditional seafarer training has always focused on the acquisition and use of practical skills. The prevailing view is that, while this approach addresses a degree of cognitive skills, it focuses on and gives much more emphasis to the acquisition of hands-on practical skills for the performance of specific tasks. On the other hand, academic education has been seen to be much more focused on the development of in-depth analytical and critical thinking skills; cognitive skills that are less reliant on hands-on task-oriented training, but stress critical reading and discussion. The global trend in maritime education and training is increasingly to link an essentially vocational education that provides specific and restricted competence outcomes with more general or deeper academic components leading to an academic qualification. This trend has led to some dilemmas for curriculum development, for training legislation in a global industry, and for achieving desired learning outcomes in a professional setting (in the shipping industry). This paper discusses some of the challenges arising from this trend and the opportunities the trend offers.     

Evaluating the impact of PSC inspectors’ professional profile: a case study of the Spanish Maritime Administration

Full-scale globalisation of trade has been accompanied by a progressive liberalisation of maritime transport. The proliferation of open registries has created a situation in which Port State Control (PSC) has become much more effective than the feeble or non-existent control exercised by those States. This study has been conducted on the influence of the professional profile of inspectors on inspection results. The objective of our paper was to evaluate the impact of PSC inspectors’ professional profile by conducting a case study of the Spanish Maritime Administration. The paper concludes with a discussion of the correlation between deficiencies detected and professional profiles.     

液态金属限流器自收缩效应的仿真研究

液态金属的自收缩效应是液态金属限流器(LMCL)实现限流功能的主要因素。本文首先简要介绍了液态金属的自收缩效应,然后在综合考虑气液两相流流场、电磁场以及热场相互作用的基础上,结合流体体积法(VOF)模型、湍流模型和磁流体动力学模型(MHD),建立了考虑自由表面的三维液态金属自收缩效应模型,通过流体力学分析软件FLUENT进行了仿真计算,根据仿真结果从理论上解释了液态金属自收缩效应的产生机理。     

增压器涡轮性能试验与CFD计算方法的研究

建立了蜗壳与整周叶轮合并的增压器涡轮整机计算模型,在较少的网格数量下,用CFD方法对涡轮内部的流动进行了模拟,得到了涡轮的运行特性,如流量特性、转速特性、效率等。将计算结果与相同条件下的试验结果进行比较,可以看到计算结果基本符合增压器设计阶段性能考核的要求,具有工程化应用的意义。