南昌红谷沉管隧道短管节干坞内拉合对接施工技术

沉管隧道最终接头短管节在牵移和拉合过程中易发生偏移与倾斜,且GINA止水带压缩到设计值难度较大。以南昌红谷沉管隧道为例,从准备、牵移、拉合及后处理4个阶段介绍短管节对接拉合施工工艺。通过对底钢板打磨、涂抹黄油等,减小底部摩擦阻力。采用计算机控制液压同步提升系统、液压数据量测、钢端壳间距测量等措施,对短管节轴线及平面控制。实践表明:GINA止水带压缩量误差仅为+4 mm,短管节轴线及平面偏差均在可控范围内,短管节干坞内拉合对接操作可行、质量可靠。     

Suspension system state estimation using adaptive Kalman filtering based on road classification

This paper provides a new method to solve the problem of suspension system state estimation using a Kalman Filter (KF) under various road conditions. Due to the fact that practical road conditions are complex and uncertain, the influence of the system process noise variance and measurement noise covariance on the estimation accuracy of the KF is first analysed. To accurately estimate the road condition, a new road classification method through the vertical acceleration of sprung mass is proposed, and different road process variances are obtained to tune the system’s variance for the application of the KF. Then, road classification and KF are combined to form an Adaptive Kalman Filter (AKF) that takes into account the relationship of different road process noise variances and measurement noise covariances under various road conditions. Simulation results show that the proposed AKF algorithm can obtain a high accuracy of state estimation for a suspension system under varying International Standards Organisation road excitation levels.     

Shockwave-based queue estimation approach for undersaturated and oversaturated signalized intersections using multi-source detection data

With the progress of information and sensing technologies, estimating vehicular queue length at signalized intersections becomes feasible and has attracted considerable attention. The existing studies provided a solid theoretical foundation for the estimation; however, the studies have some restrictions or limitations more or less. This paper presents a new methodology for estimating vehicular queue length at signalized intersections using multi-source detection data under both undersaturated and oversaturated conditions. The methodology applies the shockwave theory to model queue dynamics. Using data from probe vehicles and point detectors, analytical formulations for calculating the maximum and minimum (residual) queue lengths of each cycle are developed. Ground truth data were collected from numerical experiments conducted at two intersections in Shanghai, China, to verify the proposed methodology. It is found that the methodology has mean absolute percentage errors of 17.09% and 12.28%, respectively, for maximum queue length estimation in two tests, which are reasonably effective. However, the methodology is unsatisfactory in estimating the residual queue length. Other limitations of the proposed models and algorithms are also discussed in the paper.     

美国校车及其紧急逃生研究

从美国校车发展历程、校车管理以及校车安全标准3个方面概述美国校车。一旦发生紧急情况,紧急逃生对于保障学生安全举足轻重,而国内相关研究相对薄弱。从常见紧急情况、紧急逃生原则、紧急逃生演练等不同视角详细阐述美国校车事故的紧急逃生,对于改善中国校车安全现状具有积极意义。     

含镍化合物引起车门玻璃爆裂的案例分析

通过对车门玻璃爆裂的具体案例分析,验证了含镍化合物是造成玻璃爆裂的影响因素,并推荐相应的控制方法以及检测手段,同时强调数据统计分析对于缺陷识别和判定的重要指导意义。     

LHS2010型冷芯盒射芯机树脂混砂系统改进

本文结合LHS2010型冷芯盒射芯机树脂混砂系统现状,详细分析了该混砂系统故障原因,并提出了一系列的改进措施,并在实际中得以运用,使LHS2010型冷芯盒射芯机树脂混砂系统树脂Ⅰ、Ⅱ出料和定量过程可靠,故障率大大降低,混砂质量显著提高。     

泰国摩托车市场和认证制度研究

通过对泰国摩托车认证制度的分析和研究认为,泰国摩托车认证程序和方法与世界其他各国相比并没有特别严厉的要求,技术认证方面无太大的障碍,只要应对充分,我国摩托车完全有能力进入泰国,有巨大的发展空间和机遇。     

基于模糊神经网络的智能车辆循迹控制

为提高智能车辆自主循迹控制的精度,提出了一种基于模糊神经网络控制( FNNC)和神经网络预测( NNP)的智能循迹控制策略。转向控制器的输入量有3个：预瞄点处的横向循迹误差、汽车横摆角速度和侧向加速度。车速控制器的输入量有4个：预瞄点处的面积误差、侧向加速度、汽车侧偏角和转向盘转角。网络训练采用误差反向传播法。仿真与试验结果表明,所设计的循迹控制器通过对驾驶员操作样本的训练,能实现对车辆的车速与转向控制,横向循迹误差和目标车速均比较理想。     

轨道交通上方跨线桥安全现状调查

轨道交通上方跨线桥的安全状态是轨道交通安全运营的基本保障。对当前轨道交通和公路上方跨线桥的安全防护措施进行总结分析,设计了上方跨线桥的轨道交通安全调查表格,并分析了上海地铁上方跨线桥现状。结果显示,轨道交通上方跨线桥主要为城市高架路和人行天桥,集中在与之相交的1、2、3、5和11号线;安全防护措施主要体现在桥下净空要求和防抛网及防撞护栏设置。     

应用SimDesigner提高悬架DMU仿真准确性

介绍在SimDesigner软件中应用衬套代替运动副的方法,建立更加准确的悬架DMU模型,通过设置零件重量参数、弹性件参数、调整静平衡位置,提高模型的准确性,使模型与实际尽量相符合,最后对比分析SimDesigner与CATIA的仿真结果。