高原人群出行拥挤感知与调适行为研究

为缓解高原城市节日期间部分路段人流过于密集的状况,对高原人群出行过程中的拥挤感知和调适行为进行研究。首先,在对高原人群高度自由走行速度、生理尺寸进行测定的基础上,采用连续人群流动模型分别对高原人群拥挤临界密度、人群运动速度减小时的人群密度和人群停滞状态时的最大密度进行测算,进而标定高原人群最大忍受密度为8.5人/m2。然后,选取雪顿节期间八廓南街人流短时间内高度聚集的状况进行拥挤状况评估,结果显示该路段人群密度为8.34人/m2,接近高原人群最大忍受密度,因此判定八廓南街存在拥挤事故风险。最后,依据基于层次分析法的高原人群拥挤感知影响因素分析结论,提出相应的调适行为措施,力求维护民族宗教节日期间高原城市公众正常的出行秩序。     

基于时间阈值的旅客登机模型及动态登机策略

减少登机时间有利于提高旅客体验和航空公司运行效率,故优化基于旅客行为的登机策略尤为重要. 基于旅客登机过程中两个阶段的延时,建立考虑时间阈值的新登机模型;在干扰时间阈值分布的基础上,通过优化算法分配行李,从而使登机时间最小,进一步得到基于不同行李构成的动态旅客登机策略. 通过元胞自动机仿真和现场模拟实验比较动态登机策略的效率. 结果显示：新登机模型能准确反映登机过程,Steffen 次序具有最大的干扰时间阈值和优化空间;本文提出的动态登机策略可以缩短登机时间,使登机效率显著提高.     

路基填筑引起水泥搅拌桩复合地基变形监测分析

针对目前水泥搅拌桩复合地基在路基填筑作用下变形特性研究不足的问题,依托我国海积软土地区某水泥搅拌桩加固铁路路基填筑施工案例,对水泥搅拌桩复合地基变形进行监测,分析路基填筑作用下水泥搅拌桩复合地基变形特性,并为路基填筑速率控制和水泥搅拌桩加固方案设计提供建议。研究结果表明:路基填筑作用下地基加固区压缩量占总沉降的56.1%,沉降速率最大为2.4 mm/d;素填土和淤泥层侧向变形显著,侧向变形速率最大为4.6 mm/d;路基坡脚7 m内、深度5 m以上地层受路基填筑施工扰动较大;坡脚侧向变形速率较地基沉降速率更接近于控制指标,填筑速率的控制应以控制坡脚侧向变形速率为主;本施工案例中水泥搅拌桩加固方案可满足各铁路类别的路基工后沉降的控制要求,类似工程中水泥搅拌桩设计应以控制路基填筑施工对邻近结构物的影响为主。     

基于离散-连续耦合的钢桥面铺装剪切模拟

层间剪切破坏是钢桥面铺装主要病害之一,为了对钢桥面铺装复合结构层间剪切行为进行研究,基于三维离散-连续耦合方法建立了钢桥面铺装复合结构仿真模型,分析得出30℃条件下钢桥面铺装层间剪切破坏行为的变化规律,分析剪切速率对钢桥面铺装层间剪切受力状态的影响。研究结果表明过高或过低的行车速度对钢桥面铺装层都不利。对比分析离散-连续模型与离散元模型模拟结果发现,离散-连续模型计算结果更加符合实际情况。     

四轮转向汽车操纵稳定性研究

为了研究转向工况对四轮转向汽车操纵稳定性的影响,基于Matlab/Simulink建立四轮转向汽车前轮转角比例前馈加横摆角速度模糊PID反馈控制模型,通过与Trucksim车辆模型和Simulink控制模型联合仿真,分别在低速和中高速下进行方向盘角阶跃输入离线仿真和方向盘正弦角输入实时仿真试验,与前轮转向汽车在相同工况下侧向加速度、横摆角速度以及质心侧偏角的仿真结果进行对比分析。试验结果表明:四轮转向控制仿真结果优于前轮转向结果,搭建的四轮转向前轮转角比例前馈加横摆角速度模糊PID反馈控制策略,能提高汽车低速转向时的操纵轻便性和机动性以及中高速转向时的操纵稳定性。     

近40年来中日海上交流研究综述与展望——以跨国人物为主线

中国的日本研究在明代、近代、现代出现过三次高潮,近40年来经过学习、追赶、创新的多个阶段,在局部的“点”甚至特定的“面”上,实现对日本的超越。中日文化交流史是一门新兴的交叉学科,不仅内涵丰富而且外延宽广,但文化的创造、传承、流播、接受、模仿、改良、创新诸环节,均离不开“人”的主导作用。基于此,本文以“跨国人物”为线,从“赴日中国人研究”“来华日本人研究”两个层面,概述近40年来中日海上交流领域所取得的研究成就,突出中国学者的创新点与前沿性,同时指出存在的问题与努力的方向。     

高速公路路面病害原因和维修措施浅谈

由于交通量的逐年增加,重载车辆增多,高速公路超负荷运转,路面的平整性、抗高温性、抗疲劳性以及抗滑性等特点减弱,导致高速公路在使用几年之后出现车辙、裂缝、坑槽等多种病害。文章以G15甬台温高速公路台州一期路面维修专项工程为例,对路面病害成因进行分析,并针对性的提出维修方案和措施,使沥青路面恢复其使用功能。     

Geometric calibration algorithm of polarization camera using planar patterns

Polarization pattern provides additional information besides spectral signatures. It can be used in many applications, such as navigation, defect detection and object identification. A novel polarization camera composed of four synchronized cameras is proposed, and it can realize real-time polarization measurement. This study particularly concentrates on the geometric calibration of the system. The projection model is analyzed and the multi-camera calibration algorithm is proposed. Firstly, each camera is calibrated separately using planar patterns, and then the geometric calibration algorithms are performed. Due to the geometrical constraint, a global optimization method results in smaller estimation uncertainties. A mean rotation error of 0.025° and a mean translation error of 0.26mm are achieved after geometric calibration. The images are rectified to establish a correspondence among cameras and are combined to acquire the polarization measurement. The polarization pattern of the skylight is measured by the system and the results are consistent with the previous studies.     

Research of legal affair simulation based on Petri net

Legal affair simulation is on the basis of information technology, and can simulate legal scene. College students do legal experiments with virtual reality scene. This helps to train college students. Petri net has not only strict math definition to analyze the dynamic behavior of models, but also intuitive graphic expression. Petri net is used to model for legal process. Reduction rules of Petri net are used to analyze the correctness of the system. At last Java Business Process Management (JBPM) technology is used to realize legal affair simulation models, models are transformed into flow charts. Simulation software deduces processes of legal affair. Many college students have improved their ability with the software, the fact proves that the method is effective.     

Compensation of pressure enthalpy effects on temperature fields for throttling of high-pressure real gas

For the pressure enthalpy of high pressure pneumatics, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation based on ideal gas assumption fails to obtain the real temperature information. Therefore, we propose a method to compensate the pressure enthalpy of throttling for CFD simulation based on ideal gas assumption. Firstly, the pressure enthalpy is calculated for the pressure range of 0.101 to 30 MPa and the temperature range of 190 to 298 K based on Soave-Redlich-Kwong (S-R-K) equation. Then, a polynomial fitting equation is applied to practical application in the above mentioned range. The basic idea of the compensation method is to convert the pressure enthalpy difference between inlet air and nodes into the compensation temperature. In the above temperature and pressure range, the compensated temperature is close to the real one, and the relative temperature drop error is below 10%. This error is mainly caused by the velocity difference of the orifice between the real and ideal gas models. Finally, this compensation method performs an icing analysis for practical high pressure slide pilot valve.