The enforcement of shipping standards under UNCLOS

This article discusses the enforcement of shipping standards, with a particular focus on Part XII of UNCLOS. Section 6 of Part XII contains the only comprehensive set of vessel-related enforcement provisions in the Convention, but the Part’s scope is limited to “the preservation and protection of the marine environment.” Therefore, not all shipping standards fall clearly within Part XII’s ambit, including those centered on safety, security, and crewing considerations. The enforcement provisions of Section 6 are favorable to flag states and their vessels, and Section 7 contains a number of safeguards for their benefit, so it is in the interests of these parties to have coastal state enforcement governed by Part XII. However, the ability of coastal states to establish and enforce shipping standards that apply within the territorial sea extends to more than just environmental matters. The result is that different standards give rise to different enforcement powers, depending on the maritime zone in which a vessel is located, even if those standards arise from the same international agreement. It is suggested that to remedy these problems, UNCLOS would need to be amended in order to provide a comprehensive enforcement regime for the enforcement of shipping standards.     

Color image segmentation by edge linking and region grouping

A novel method toward color image segmentation is proposed based on edge linking and region grouping. Firstly, the edges extracted by the Canny detector are linked to form regions. Each of the end points of edges is connected by a direct line to the nearest pixel on another edge segment within a sub-window. A new distance is defined based on the feature that the edge tends to preserve its original direction. By sampling the lines to the image, the image is over-segmented to labeled regions. Secondly, the labeled regions are grouped both locally and globally. A decision tree is constructed to decide the importance of properties that affect the merging procedure. Finally, the result is refined by user’s selection of regions that compose the desired object. Experiments show that the method can effectively segment the object and is much faster than the state-of-the-art color image segmentation methods.     

Efficient democratic group signatures with threshold traceability

Democratic group signature (DGS) is a group-oriented primitive with great flexibilities, i.e., no group manager, anonymity, and traceability. In a DGS scheme with (t, n)-threshold traceability, any subset of not less than t members can jointly reveal the identity of the signer while preserving security even in the presence of an active adversary can corrupt up to t − 1 group members. This paper proposes an efficient DGS scheme. We use publicly verifiable secret sharing (PVSS) to distribute the trapdoor via which the real signer is revealed. The computation cost and communication overhead of our DGS signatures are greatly reduced, compared with the existing work. For example, the size of the resulting signature contains only 2n + 1 elements of Z _q , except the PVSS output.     

综合管廊在中关村西区市政工程中的应用与展望

以中关村西区建设的综合管廊为例,总结并分析了综合管廊在市政工程中的应用与前景。在市政工程设计综合工作中,改变了传统的以重力流管线为主导的设计思路,提出了以管廊为主导,合理确定管廊内部空间分配,充分利用管廊内、外部空间的新思路。通过对重力流管线系统的优化调整,较好地解决了重力流管线与管廊平面位置和高程交叉的矛盾,提出的一些建设性意见均得到了一级土地开发商的认同和有关设计单位的采用。通过对中关村西区建设综合管廊的思考,还对如何发展北京综合管廊事业提出了一些建议。     

雾封层设计与施工

通过对雾封层的研究成果和施工经验的总结,探讨雾封层材料的选择以及施工技术。     

高速公路路段通行能力模糊综合评判

针对高速公路路段通行能力影响因素的不确定性和模糊性,利用层次分析法确定各影响因素的权重,运用模糊数学基本原理建立模糊综合评判模型,对某高速公路路段通行能力进行模糊综合评价,说明其实用性,为高速公路路段通行能力的评判提供一种有效的方法.     

高速公路箱形通道复位施工技术

主要介绍因洪水造成箱形通道严重倾覆的纠倾复位技术,为水毁通道复位利用提供一个成功的施工实例。     

挖孔桩与钻孔桩的经济技术比较及挖孔桩技术应用的探讨

以山西太原至祁县高速公路人工挖孔桩施工技术工作为例,从桩基容许承载力方面入手对人工挖孔桩与钻孔灌注桩进行了经济技术比较,同时对人工挖孔桩关键技术、施工组织安排作了探讨,并对挖孔桩进行了技术经济性评价。     

桥梁组合钢模板的设计施工及贴膜的应用

组合钢模板因体积小、重量轻、拆装方便而得到广泛使用,但也因使用其浇注的混凝土外观质量差而受到限制。该文通过工程实例,论述了桥梁组合钢模板设计方案的改造和贴模方法,介绍了施工中采取的技术措施和存在的问题。     

An analysis of the determinants of children’s weekend physical activity participation

This paper examines the out-of-home, weekend, time-use patterns of children aged 5–17 years, with a specific emphasis on their physical activity participation. The impact of several types of factors, including individual and household demographics, neighborhood demographics, built environment characteristics, and activity day variables, on physical activity participation is analyzed using a joint nested multiple discrete–continuous extreme value-binary choice model. The sample for analysis is drawn from the 2000 San Francisco Bay Area Travel Survey. The model developed in the paper can be used to assess the impacts of changing demographics and built environment characteristics on children’s physical activity levels.