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161.
Navigating in confined waters with a pilot aboard requires that the pilot’s intention and plan is understood by all present on the bridge. The present study investigates the effect of having a detailed route plan and monitoring it in the context of pilotage. The aim was to see how the presence of a shared pilot passage plan in the Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) affects the identification and recovery from navigational errors made by a pilot. Twenty participants, 10 with a shared route plan and 10 without, participated as navigators in a simulator scenario involving pilotage in the Oslofjord. Participants were bachelor students in nautical science. The navigation scenarios involved the intentional error by the pilot just before a predefined way point. Three measurements of relevance to navigational safety were recorded: (1) the time it took the participant to express concern, (2) the time it took the participant to correct the error (‘time to recovery’), and (3) the number of groundings. The study revealed that time to express concern and time to recovery were significantly much shorter for the group with a shared pilot passage plan presented in ECDIS than for the group without such a plan. Providing a bridge team with a shared pilot passage plan in ECDIS during pilotage might improve the ability to identify and correct navigational errors. 相似文献
162.
The typical industry practice for Tension Leg Platform (TLP) design focuses on a conventional short-term design recipe, which assumes that an N-year design environment leads to an N-year response. In the response-based design method, the TLP is designed to withstand N-year responses rather than respond to N-year environmental conditions. In this paper, we present an overview and a general procedure for the response-based design method and use a case study to compare the critical TLP responses between the two methods. The results of our comparison show that the conventional short-term design method often contains an element of conservatism and that the response-based design method can reduce the design conditions and thereby achieve cost savings. 相似文献
163.
Tabeshpour Mohammad Reza Fatemi Dezfouli Mani Dastan Diznab Mohammad Ali Mohajernasab Saied Seif Mohammad Saied 《船舶与海洋工程学报》2017,16(1):27-32
Response spectra of fixed offshore structures impacted by extreme waves are investigated based on the higher order components of the nonlinear drag force. In this way, steel jacket platforms are simplified as a mass attached to a light cantilever cylinder and their corresponding deformation response spectra are estimated by utilizing a generalized single degree of freedom system. Based on the wave data recorded in the Persian Gulf region, extreme wave loading conditions corresponding to different return periods are exerted on the offshore structures. Accordingly, the effect of the higher order components of the drag force is considered and compared to the linearized state for different sea surface levels. When the fundamental period of the offshore structure is about one third of the main period of wave loading, the results indicate the linearized drag term is not capable of achieving a reliable deformation response spectrum. 相似文献
164.
基于Vissim仿真软件的交通组织方案研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
高速公路在改扩建作业过程中,必然对路段行车道有所侵占,形成分合流区段,而交通流发生紊乱往往就发生在分合流区段。本文以沪宁高速扩建无锡段桥梁施工为例,运用Vissim软件进行交通流微观仿真分析,对交通组织过程中最小施工路段间隔、中分带开口长度以及合流路段长度进行了研究,降低了因施工造成的对交通运行的影响。 相似文献
165.
Construction of diaphragm wall panels may cause considerable stress changes in heavily overconsolidated soil deposits and can induce substantial ground movement. The 3D Lagrangian method was adopted to model the mechanical response of ground, including horizontal normal stress and shear stress, lateral ground displacement and vertical ground surface settlement, during the slurry trenching and concreting of diaphragm wall panels. Numerical results show that slurry trenching leads to horizontal stress relief of ground, reducing the horizontal stress of the ground from initial K0 pressure to hydrostatic betonite pressure. Wet concrete pressure lies between the hydrostatic bentonite pressure and the initial K0 pressure, so it can compensate partially the horizontal stress loss of the ground adjacent to the trench and thus reduce the lateral movement of the trench face as well as the vertical settlement of the ground surface. 相似文献
166.
Based on published reports and direct observation, the common resources of landscape plant species in the Shanghai area were
identified and studied in terms of the landscape characteristics of timing sequence changes over a one year time period. The
results showed that there were 199 common landscape plant species in Shanghai, distributed in 67 families and 129 genera.
These plants were categorized by three ornamental characteristics: flowers, foliage and fruits. The species were thus further
analyzed according to the time periods which these characteristics were present. The results showed that flower ornamental
distributed throughout the year, particularly from April to June, and plant species with colorful foliage could be seen every
month, and particularly in November and December. On the other hand, few plant species with fruit ornamentals were observed
in Shanghai area. The diversity of landscape timing sequence changes of the 199 plant species under examination was then analyzed
by using the Shannon-Weiner and Simpson index formulas. The results showed that the higher diversity was observed in January,
February and from August to October, while the lowest diversity was recorded from March to July and during November and December.
The diversity of landscape characteristics of these plants was ranked according to foliage, flowers and fruit. Using this
method, one park and one plant community were selected to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of their time-changing
plant landscape, with the goal of assessing the validity of the chosen ranking method. These results in the present study
would be helpful to evaluate the plant landscape in a specified space and further enrich the diversity of plant and landscape
by a target-oriented way. 相似文献
167.
As an army main battle equipment, it is required that the tank should have high firing accuracy and high first round hit probability during marching. The initial disturbance of the projectile is the premier factor that takes effect on the marching fire accuracy of the tank. And the marching fire accuracy of the tank depends on the launch dynamics behaviors of the tank. In this paper, the launch dynamics theory of a tank marching fire is studied, and its launch dynamics model is established. Based on the transfer matrix method for multibody system(MSTMM) and the automatic deduction theorem of overall transfer equations, the overall transfer equation and the overall transfer matrix of a tank multibody system are deduced; the launch dynamics equations of the tank marching fire are deduced, and the dynamic response of the tank system, the motion of projectile in barrel, the initial disturbance of the projectile and the vertical target dispersion are exactly simulated; meanwhile, the results of simulation are verified by tests. This work provides both theoretical foundation and simulation approaches for improving the marching fire accuracy of the tank. 相似文献
168.
建立了采用直线电机车辆的轨道交通的车-线耦合动力学模型,并与车辆动力学分析通用软件ADAMS /Rail进行了比较,从而验证了所建模型的正确性.通过对广州市轨道交通4号线工程线路设计参数进行的仿真计算,给出了相应的建议值。 相似文献
169.
针对西安地铁在地裂缝活动条件下引起的工程问题,通过数值模拟,结合地裂缝区域的设计方案,分别从地表沉降位移、衬砌沉降位移、围岩位移场、围岩土压力、衬砌结构内力等方面,分析地裂缝活动条件下隧道结构与围岩变化特征和作用机理. 相似文献
170.
舰载武器海洋环境适应性分析 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
海洋环境的特殊性对舰载武器在环境适应性设计及贮存和使用过程中的可靠性提出了更高的要求。文章分析了舰载武器面临的海洋环境及其对武器可靠性的影响,提出了提高舰载武器环境适应性和可靠性的措施。 相似文献