客车张拉蒙皮的辊型设备结构设计和改进

通过对辊型设备的结构设计和改进，重点阐述两种辊型方法，以满足客车不同部位蒙皮成型的要求。     

港口护岸抛石基床夯实施工技术

结合厦门环岛路港口工程外海护岸实例,简述护岸工程基础抛石基床夯实施工工艺和有关质量控制措施。     

水泥混凝土路面结构模糊随机可靠度设计方法研究

我国水泥混凝土路面设计经历了3个发展阶段：经验法、力学一经验法和可靠度设计法。由于荷载、环境作用和结构设计参数的随机性和模糊性，它们都将影响路面结构的可靠度水平。为了更好地发展现有路面设计理论，系统地分析了现有水泥混凝土路面设计规范，对路面结构可靠度进行了定义和讨论。采用模糊随机可靠度理论，对水泥混凝土路面结构可靠度设计方法进行了系统分析，研究提出了路面模糊随机可靠度的设计公式，讨论了各个设计变量的变异性，并结合具体设计提出了详细的步骤和思路。     

5%香芹酚对辣椒白粉病的防治效果

白粉病是辣椒生产上的一种常见病害,寻求一种生物农药替代化学农药防治白粉病,可有效解决化学农药残留及抗药性问题。该试验使用纯植物源生物农药5%香芹酚水剂500倍液、800倍液、戊唑醇2 000倍液和清水对照进行防治辣椒白粉病的田间药效试验,试验结果表明:5%香芹酚水剂500倍液、800倍液和430g/L戊唑醇SC2000倍液的防效分别为89.93%、78.11%和91.27%,5%香芹酚水剂500倍液和戊唑醇2 000倍液差异不显著,且5%香芹酚水剂500倍液可增产18.08%,优于戊唑醇2 000倍液。因此,生产上可使用5%香芹酚水剂500倍液防治辣椒白粉病,减少化学农药的使用量,解决农药残留问题,提高辣椒的品质和产量。     

Development and calibration of a long-distance passenger traffic assignment model

This paper studies the assignment of long-distance passenger traffic on a highway corridor network. First, we propose a traditional model for the long-distance traffic assignment considering interactions with local commuter traffic. It addresses the effect of local networks on highway corridors. An iterative algorithm is developed to solve for the exact solution. Then, to address the potential computational issues that arise therein, a decomposition method is proposed by introducing a new concept of corridor elasticity. An assignment procedure for long-distance passenger traffic is developed accordingly. Numerical tests show that the proposed decomposition method makes significant improvements in computational performance at a small loss of optimality. This decomposition method well approximates the exact assignment from the traditional formulation, especially when the highway corridors are near-saturation. The proposed decomposition method appears practical for application.     

基于强化学习的平行航班动态定价

由于平行航班之间的竞争越来越激烈,为提高航空公司收益,对机票销售系统中的航班和旅客分别建模。将航班的动态定价问题建模成马尔可夫博弈过程,对混合类型旅客建立Logit选择模型。利用多Agent的强化学习算法对实例进行求解,结果表明WoLF-PHC算法收敛所需迭代的次数大于Nash-Q算法,但在计算速度上WoLF-PHC算法优势明显,且具有较强的适应能力。此外,航空机票的定价策略与其他易逝品有所不同,整体呈现上升趋势。而旅客环境参数的变化,也会影响定价策略。基于WoLF-PHC算法得到的定价策略对于收益提升具有积极作用。     

Assessing the representativeness of a smartphone-based household travel survey in Dar es Salaam,Tanzania

The household travel survey (HTS) finds itself in the midst of rapid technological change. Traditional methods are increasingly being sidelined by digital devices and computational power—for tracking movements, automatically detecting modes and activities, facilitating data collection, etc.. Smartphones have recently emerged as the latest technological enhancement. FMS is a smartphone-based prompted-recall HTS platform, consisting of an app for sensor data collection, a backend for data processing and inference, and a user interface for verification of inferences (e.g., modes, activities, times, etc.). FMS, has been deployed in several cities of the global north, including Singapore. This paper assesses the first use of FMS in a city of the global south, Dar es Salaam. FMS in Dar was implemented over a 1-month period, among 581 adults chosen from 300 randomly selected households. Individuals were provided phones with data plans and the FMS app preloaded. Verification of the collected data occurred every 3 days, via a phone interview. The experiment reveals various social and technical challenges. Models of individual likelihood to participate suggest little bias. Several socioeconomic and demographic characteristics apparently do influence, however, the number of days fully verified per individual. Similar apparent biases emerge when predicting the likelihood of a given day being verified. Some risk of non-random, non-response is, thus, evident.     

不锈钢钢筋混凝土梁动态损伤试验与数值模拟

为了研究不锈钢钢筋混凝土梁(SRC梁)在冲击荷载作用下的损伤行为,采用国内先进超高重型落锤冲击试验系统对2组钢筋混凝土梁进行竖向冲击试验,并建立考虑材料率效应的有限元模型,对实验结果进行验证与拓展.研究结果表明:在冲击荷载作用下,等截面代替后合理配筋的SRC梁具有较好的抗冲击性能;若梁的损伤逐渐接近完全破坏,则跨中峰值位移与残余位移的比值逐渐减小并趋于1.5;SRC梁的最大极限位移较RC梁大;梁整体的破坏类型主要取决于抗弯、抗剪、抗开裂能力是否能承受局部破坏后剩余的冲击荷载;分析得出局部响应阶段梁扰动区域内力计算的经验公式.     

深海超高压环境模拟容器裂纹评定

深海超高压环境模拟容器用于模拟水下压力环境,其容器壁上承受反复载荷,容易产生疲劳裂纹.疲劳裂纹扩展是影响其断裂的主要因素.本文旨在分析半椭圆裂纹在老化的深海超高压环境模拟容器中的扩展行为,评估容器的安全性,因此对材料20MnMoNb钢的裂纹扩展特性进行了试验研究,首先考虑三角形和梯形加载情况,通过比较两组实验结果,考察了其材料对保载时间的敏感性.采用基于统一的裂纹扩展率模型的三维有限元方法进行了疲劳裂纹扩展计算,并通过CT试样的一组数值和实验结果进行了验证,最后建立了不同初始尺寸、展弦比和倾角的裂纹有限元模型,并根据裂纹在容器内壁的容许深度准则,计算了容器的剩余寿命.其分析结果可为深海超高压环境模拟容器可靠性评估提供参考.     

A new method for absolute datum transfer in seafloor control network measurement

To decrease the time consumption and the labor intensity in the absolute datum transfer of traditional seafloor control network measurement, a new method, namely sailing-circle positioning method, is put forward in this paper. First, the traditional intersection positioning model is improved by considering the equivalent sound velocity profile error as an unknown parameter in the adjustment model. Second, the effect of geometric dilution of precision (GDOP) on positioning accuracy is analyzed. By seeking for the minimum of GDOP, it is concluded that the absolute datum transfer can achieve the highest accuracy in the condition of sailing along a circle relative to other sailing paths. Moreover, the optimal radius of the circle for the accurate datum transfer is also given out. Besides, the correlation between the accuracy of datum transfer and the sound velocity error in this method is analyzed. Finally, the new method was tested and verified by the experiments in Songhua lake with the water depth of 60 m and in South China sea with the water depth of 2000 m, respectively. These experiment results show that the new method can improve the accuracy and efficiency of traditional datum transfer method significantly.