A study on seepage field in subgrade slope subjected to various rainfall patternsEI北大核心

Research purposes: Rainfall is one of the most important factors for subgrade slope failure, and rainfall patter is one of the most primary influence parameters. Based on the two-dimensional saturated-unsaturated seepage theory, numerical analyses are conducted to investigate the change rules of seepage field in subgrade slope subjected to rainfalls with four different patterns, i.e. delayed, uniform, central and advanced rainfall patterns. Research conclusions: (1) Both the maximum pore-water pressure umax and the maximum saturated depth Hsmax at shoulder are affected by rainfall intensity and rainfall duration observably. (2) There is a sensitive range of coefficient of permeability influencing on the maximum saturated depth, only within the sensitive range increasing coefficient of permeability could reduce Hsmax and subgrade surface pore-water pressure effectively. (3) Under central and advanced rainfall patterns, the most dangerous time stage of slope stability is obvious affected by coefficient of permeability, within the sensitive range and the less side outside the sensitive range, the starting point of the most dangerous time stage is not affected by coefficient of permeability, but the end time is advanced with coefficient of permeability increasing. (4) The stability of subgrade slope is the best under advanced rainfall pattern and the worst under delayed rainfall pattern. (5) The research results can provide basis and reference for slope protection and reinforcement design.     

郊区自驾游旅游交通指引标志设置研究

当前旅游交通指引标志设置中存在缺乏区域系统考虑、设置分散、旅游信息过于集中等问题,导致自驾游出行者难以及时、准确、连续地获得指引信息。针对这一问题,从郊区自驾游出行者的需求出发,构建区域入口、区域内部、景区附近的旅游交通三级指引系统。重点探讨二级指引标志的设计原则与方法,提出在景区重要度分类和道路节点重要度分级的基础上,确定各景区指引范围和各道路节点指引容量,对旅游交通指引标志进行选址。最后以河北省平山县为例,对提出的旅游交通指引标志设置方法进行实证研究。     

Optimize combustion of compressed natural gas engine by improving in-cylinder flows

In order to solve the problem of slow flame propagation in a spark-ignition engine fueled with compressed natural gas (CNG), the influence of in-cylinder flows on combustion process was investigated in CA6SE3-21E4N CNG-engine by means of numerical simulation and experiment. The status of in-cylinder flows from intake to expansion stroke was described by computational fluid dynamic tool, which revealed that the in-cylinder flows were one of the main reasons of slow burning rate. Therefore, a special-shaped combustion chamber called Cross was used to improve the in-cylinder flows. The results showed that peak turbulent kinetic energy of Cross was 43.9% higher than that of original combustion chamber called Cylinder during the late compression period at 1450 rpm 100% load. The combustion parameters, brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and regulated emissions were obtained by means of experiment. At 1450rpm 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% load conditions, the ignition delay of Cross was longer than that of Cylinder, moreover, the Cross produced averagely 5.75°CA shorter combustion duration. The BSFC of Cross was on an average of 4.3% reduction at 1450 rpm as well as the HC and CO emissions were reduced whereas the NOx emissions were significantly increased.     

北京市老年人出行调查与分析

在当今人口老龄化背景下,为了解老年人的生活及出行状况、提高老年人的生活质量,对北京市60岁以上部分老年人进行出行调查。调查包括一日出行情况、个人家庭基本属性、主要日常活动、出行意愿四项内容。通过调查分析得出北京市老年人的总体出行特征和不同属性的老年人出行特征,老年人主要日常活动的活动频率、空间分布、时间分布特征及主要出行方式,日常出行所面临的困难及改进老年人出行环境应关注的事项。     

Systems-on-chip approach for real-time simulation of wheel–rail contact laws

This paper presents the development of a systems-on-chip approach to speed up the simulation of wheel–rail contact laws, which can be used to reduce the requirement for high-performance computers and enable simulation in real time for the use of hardware-in-loop for experimental studies of the latest vehicle dynamic and control technologies. The wheel–rail contact laws are implemented using a field programmable gate array (FPGA) device with a design that substantially outperforms modern general-purpose PC platforms or fixed architecture digital signal processor devices in terms of processing time, configuration flexibility and cost. In order to utilise the FPGA's parallel-processing capability, the operations in the contact laws algorithms are arranged in a parallel manner and multi-contact patches are tackled simultaneously in the design. The interface between the FPGA device and the host PC is achieved by using a high-throughput and low-latency Ethernet link. The development is based on FASTSIM algorithms, although the design can be adapted and expanded for even more computationally demanding tasks.     

The determinants of maritime policy

The paper is to explore the relation between national economic development and the formulation of maritime policy. It collects and examines data from 30 maritime nations, and shows that maritime policy is determined by economic circumstance rather than the result of rational decision of policy makers. A general solution is produced for an optimum maritime policy under a given economic condition. The general solution can serve as a benchmark for future maritime policy making and research in general.     

Quantitative analysis of materiality in marine insurance

The ex post test of materiality is the traditional approach for a court to examine whether the non-disclosed information of the policyholder is material for a prudent underwriter. The approach of the ex post test has been questioned by the shipping industry, and amendments to the relevant clauses of the Marine Insurance Act 1906 are under discussion. In this research, the factors that significantly relate to marine incidents are determined based on the panel data through the step-wise random intercept model. The materiality of each factor can be reflected by constructing a factor-weighted risk indicator, which can be applied in the ex ante risk assessment of insured vessels. It endeavors to establish a risk index system for measuring the risk level of a ship, which can help both the underwriter and the policyholder in effective assessment of the materiality of information when they conclude the contract. A panel data of total loss incidents during the period 1999–2007 has been collected for verification of the methodology.     

突加负载时感应电动机动态过程的仿真

首先利用三相感应电动机的运动方程,推导出它的状态方程,并结合实际电机参数利用MATLAB语言对空载运行的三相感应电动机突加负载时的动态过程进行了仿真。仿真结果符合三相感应电机的动态过程的特性。     

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货运车辆行车途中能否有安全便利的休息站,关系到联邦关于司机工作时间规定的执行及高效的车队运营.由于货运车辆的激增,中途停车站能力短缺问题日益凸显.本研究开发了一个基于互联网的地理信息系统,用于从用户大范围收集停车位短缺的地理信息.为了分析这些停车紧张点的地理分布,采用了点聚合和排名的方法来发现停车问题最严重的地区.另外,提出一种沿公路方向的单测度的聚合方法.其基本思路是,停车问题不是一个单点问题,而是一个区域性问题.缓解停车紧张,可通过增加区域性停车能力.本文发现能力紧张的区域通常在大都市的郊区,反映出很多长途司机在此停车等待第二天往市区内送货的运作规律.研究结果与来自公路巡警方面的观察结果一致.     

基于活动的旅游出行链选择行为研究

通过对在京旅游的游客进行调查,以游客的个人属性和出游属性作为影响因素,将游客对不同类型活动的时间分配作为前提,对游客的出行链选择行为建立了Multinomial Logit模型。模型分析表明:年龄、职业、出游时间、是否本地游客、对景点是否熟悉以及游客对活动时间的分配等均对出行链选择有显著影响;模型具有较高的精度,为游客出行预测提供了理论依据。