舰用直流1000V等级开关设备绝缘要求研究

舰用直流1000V等级开关设备是舰船综合电力系统1000V等级直流区域配电系统的关键设备,本文针对现有军用标准绝缘要求的适用性问题,通过国内外相关标准规范,从直流1000 V电压等级、直流1000 V等级开关设备的绝缘要素、直流1000 V等级开关设备绝缘要求等方面进行了分析,提出了舰用直流1000 V等级开关设备的绝缘要求建议。     

北京既有居住小区道路交通及停车问题探讨

随着城市机动化的快速发展,既有居住小区内道路交通和停车问题日益突出。通过对北京既有居住小区的调查,探讨其存在的道路交通和停车问题,并提出改造建议和对策。     

Study on flange climb derailment criteria of a railway wheelset

The wheel flange climb derailment, which can be usually considered as a quasi-static process, is one of the main types of derailment, and often occurs on curved tracks due to large wheel lateral force and reduced vertical force. The general formula for the wheel critical derailment coefficient Q/P, the ratio of wheel lateral force to vertical force, is derived through analysing the forces exerted on the flange climb wheel. Based on the Coulomb's friction law and the creep force laws, the Friction Formula and Creep Formula for the evaluation of derailment are derived, respectively. The analysis shows that the derailment coefficients of Friction Formula and Creep Formula required for derailment are increased considerably for smaller and negative yaw angles, and tend to the value of Nadal's Formula at larger wheelset yaw angles. The Creep Formula is more reasonable for the assessment of derailment. The effect of some parameters on flange climb derailment, such as wheel/rail friction coefficient, yaw angle, flange contact angle, wheel vertical load and curve radius, are investigated. Finally, a simplified formula for wheel climb derailment based on the Creep Formula is proposed.     

轮胎橡胶摩擦特性的试验研究

在自主研制的摩擦试验机上进行了轮胎橡胶摩擦特性试验,以揭示摩擦因数随压力和滑摩速度而变化的规律.尽管由于试验机的原因,测出的数据有较大的波动,但经过适当的处理后,在试验工况范围内,仍然得出合理而有规律性的结果.连同试验方法都有一定的参考价值,但仍有待进一步研究.     

公路隧道火灾防治对策

对公路隧道火灾的防治对策进行了阐述.     

Relationships between characteristics of motorcycles and hydrocarbon emissions in Taiwan: A note

Taiwan’s inspection and maintenance (I/M) programs identifies high-emission motorcycles but, although these help reduce air pollution, they have been criticized for being cost-ineffective. This study examines the relationship between characteristics of motorcycles and hydrocarbon emissions in the Central Air Quality Basin of Taiwan. It is shown that engine size and type, age and manufacturer of a motorcycle significantly affect HC emissions. Larger-size engines emit smaller amounts of HCs; whereas older motorcycles emitted greater amounts. In addition, two-stroke-engine machines produced significantly higher HC emission levels than four-strokes. Variations in HC emissions testing are a result of various I/M testing locations and efficiency may be improved by modifying these.     

浅谈混凝土试件的制作、养护和质量检查

该文阐述了混凝土试件的制作养护和质量检查,对施工单位制作合格的混凝土试件,确保混凝土的工程质量并符合设计要求,提供借鉴。     

粗级配热拌沥青混合料生产质量控制

文章结合G205宁芜公路养护改善工程的沥青混合料生产,从原材料的控制、目标配合比与生产配合比的衔接、拌和楼的调试及生产过程等方面,对粗级配沥青混合料的质量控制进行了初步探讨。     

Design and optimisation of wheel–rail profiles for adhesion improvement

This paper describes a study for the optimisation of the wheel profile in the wheel–rail system to increase the overall level of adhesion available at the contact interface, in particular to investigate how the wheel and rail profile combination may be designed to ensure the improved delivery of tractive/braking forces even in poor contact conditions. The research focuses on the geometric combination of both wheel and rail profiles to establish how the contact interface may be optimised to increase the adhesion level, but also to investigate how the change in the property of the contact mechanics at the wheel–rail interface may also lead to changes in the vehicle dynamic behaviour.     

Automotive window seal design considering external aerodynamic load and surrogate constraint modeling

Installed between metallic DIW (Door in White) panel and nonmetallic door glass, automotive window seals has great influence on customers’ perception of NVH (Noise-Vibration-Harshness) performance. Recently, aerodynamic effect on ride comfort attracts increasing research interest. The external load causes unsteady pressure on glass, which is finally transferred to window seals and leads to complicated vibration and increases interior noise level. However, non-linearities of hyper-elastic material, rubber-glass contact and large deformation behavior make the construction of window seals constraint model much more difficult, thus impeding further analysis and optimization. A new window seal design method is proposed featuring in considering aerodynamics-induced load and nonlinear constraint. Firstly, by SST ? k ? ε (Shear Stress Transport) turbulence model, external flow field of full-scale automotive is established by solving three-dimensional, steady and uncompressible Navier-Stokes equation. With re-exploited mapping algorithm, the overall aerodynamic pressure is extracted and matched to local window as external loads for seals, thus taking into account high speed fluid-structure interaction. Secondly, based on functional equivalence and mathematical fitting, new surrogate constraint model is presented. The unitedseal CLD (Compression Load Deflection) curve is synthesized after translations and transformations from two semi-seal CLD experimental measurements of inner and outer lips. It is then fit to complex exponential function, making seal constraint equivalent to a surrogate elastic constraint with variable stiffness. Experiment is performed to verify the constraint surrogation effectiveness. Finally, case study of window seal design under high speed is investigated. After seal optimization based on the new method, windows seals’ maximal displacements have decreased. The improved seal-glass fitting status shows better NVH quality of window seal in high-speed condition.