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161.
A link-node complementarity model and solution algorithm for dynamic user equilibria with exact flow propagations 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Xuegang Ban Henry X. Liu Michael C. Ferris Bin Ran 《Transportation Research Part B: Methodological》2008,42(9):823-842
In this paper, we propose a link-node complementarity model for the basic deterministic dynamic user equilibrium (DUE) problem with single-user-class and fixed demands. The model complements link-path formulations that have been widely studied for dynamic user equilibria. Under various dynamic network constraints, especially the exact flow propagation constraints, we show that the continuous-time dynamic user equilibrium problem can be formulated as an infinite dimensional mixed complementarity model. The continuous-time model can be further discretized as a finite dimensional non-linear complementarity problem (NCP). The proposed discrete-time model captures the exact flow propagation constraints that were usually approximated in previous studies. By associating link inflow at the beginning of a time interval to travel times at the end of the interval, the resulting discrete-time model is predictive rather than reactive. The solution existence and compactness condition for the proposed model is established under mild assumptions. The model is solved by an iterative algorithm with a relaxed NCP solved at each iteration. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the proposed model and solution approach. We particularly show why predictive DUE is preferable to reactive DUE from an algorithmic perspective. 相似文献
162.
利用单片机的高速处理能力,可补偿PID算法的不足,在对直线电机的控制过程中,能明显的改善控制的性能,电机在启动调整过程中,超调量被大大减小。 相似文献
163.
Athanasios A. Pallis 《WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs》2007,6(1):3-20
Throughout Europe, a number of maritime interests have re-targeted their lobbying structures and strategies aiming to influence
the development of the maritime related European Union (EU) policies. The paper examines these maritime interests’ mobilisation
in the making of the Common EU Maritime Transport Policy (CMTP). First, it provides a review of the role of these interest
groups and the implications of the observed collective interests’ representation. Then, with the contribution a data-set of
replies to a questionnaire distributed to all the interest groups that are involved in EU maritime affairs, the paper analyses
the variety of interest groups representing the maritime sector in EU affairs. The focus is on the structures (i.e. membership
numbers and types, location, internal structures, budget) and the lobbying practices of the 37 identified EU level maritime
related organisations. The paper also presents an evaluation of the most positive and most negative parameters of the ‘EU
environment’ and the ‘economic environment’ that assist, or undermine, the governability cohesiveness of this collective action.
This study provides information on whether and under what conditions maritime interests are able to form comprehensive EU-level
organisations capable of representing their members and their interests in the EU policy making process 相似文献
164.
165.
Ships of opportunity have been used to investigate ocean–atmosphere CO2 fluxes in the English Channel and Southern Bight of the North Sea. Continuous underway measurements of the fugacity of seawater carbon dioxide (fCO2sw), chlorophyll, temperature and salinity have been performed along 26 transects during the spring and autumn periods. The spatial fCO2sw distribution along the Channel and Southern Bight is modulated by the photosynthetic activity, temperature changes and water mixing between inputs from the North Atlantic Ocean and riverine discharges. The seasonal variability of fCO2sw is assessed and discussed in terms of the biology and temperature effects, these having similar impacts. The variation of fCO2sw shows similar interannual patterns, with lower values in spring. The annual average of air–sea CO2 fluxes places the English Channel as neutral area of CO2 uptake. The spring and autumn data allow differentiating between distal and proximal continental areas. The Southern Bight shows a tendency towards net CO2 uptake on the distal continental shelf, whereas the Scheldt and Thames Plumes show a CO2 source behaviour on the proximal continental shelves. 相似文献
166.
Chang Doo Jang Jong Jin Jung Alexander A. Korobkin 《Journal of Marine Science and Technology》2007,12(2):95-101
This article describes an estimation method for the hull girder response of a ship due to springing. The linear and nonlinear
springing effects on the hull girder are evaluated. Previous studies on the springing response focused mainly on the symmetric
response, or vertical response. In this article, however, the springing analysis is extended to asymmetric responses, or horizontal
and torsional responses. The Timoshenko beam model was used to calculate the hull girder response and the quadratic strip
method was employed to calculate hydrodynamic forces and moments on the hull. To remove irregular frequencies, a rigid lid
was adopted on the hull free surface level and hydrodynamic coefficients were interpolated for asymptotic values. Applications
to two ships for the symmetric and asymmetric responses were carried out and the effect of springing responses is also discussed. 相似文献
167.
国际铁路联盟(UIC)标准化组织建立的GSM-R技术标准体系,为我国制订GSM-R标准和规范提供了依据。由于我国在GSM-R应用中与欧洲存在一定差异,需要逐步建立适合我国铁路应用的GSM-R技术标准体系。我国GSM-R技术规范体系分为4个层次,共7大类,总体上与欧洲FRS和SRS相对应,为网络规划、工程建设、产品研发、业务应用等各个环节提供较为全面的技术依据,满足我国GSM-R技术的应用和发展要求。 相似文献
168.
本文运用气体─固体粒子两相流理论,将流动视为气体和固体粒子伪流体的混合物的流动,对内破裂现象进行了理论研究,并给出了基于实验结果和考虑相容百分数的影响的固体粒子阻力系数公式。运用有限控制体积法进行了数值模拟计算,结果可信。这项研究还为多相流的传输、泥沙沉积现象等研究提供了理论和计算基础。 相似文献
169.
魏炼 《铁路通信信号工程技术》2006,3(2):39-41
GSM-R是以GSM技术为基础,专门为铁路通信系统设计的综合专用数字通信系统。而语音组呼业务是GSM-R网络提供铁路特有的调度业务的重要组成部分。本文就GSM-R工程设计中,语音组呼业务编号的具体应用提出方案。 相似文献
170.