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货运车辆行车途中能否有安全便利的休息站,关系到联邦关于司机工作时间规定的执行及高效的车队运营.由于货运车辆的激增,中途停车站能力短缺问题日益凸显.本研究开发了一个基于互联网的地理信息系统,用于从用户大范围收集停车位短缺的地理信息.为了分析这些停车紧张点的地理分布,采用了点聚合和排名的方法来发现停车问题最严重的地区.另外,提出一种沿公路方向的单测度的聚合方法.其基本思路是,停车问题不是一个单点问题,而是一个区域性问题.缓解停车紧张,可通过增加区域性停车能力.本文发现能力紧张的区域通常在大都市的郊区,反映出很多长途司机在此停车等待第二天往市区内送货的运作规律.研究结果与来自公路巡警方面的观察结果一致.     

浅析地铁市郊线物业开发

通过对上海地铁物业开发进行分析与总结,并研究世界地铁与物业开发相结合的成功经验,提出地铁市郊线物业开发模式和开发原则,为上海新建市郊线和其他城市制定适合自己的开发模式提供参考.     

A detailed analysis of how an urban trail system affects cyclists’ travel

Transportation specialists, urban planners, and public health officials have been steadfast in encouraging active modes of transportation over the past decades. Conventional thinking, however, suggests that providing infrastructure for cycling and walking in the form of off-street trails is critically important. An outstanding question in the literature is how one’s travel is affected by the use of such facilities and specifically, the role of distance to the trail in using such facilities. This research describes a highly detailed analysis of use along an off-street facility in Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA. The core questions addressed in this investigation aim to understand relationships between: (1) the propensity of using the trail based on distance from the trip origin and destination, and (2) how far out of their way trail users travel for the benefit of using the trail and explanatory factors for doing so. The data used in the analysis for this research was collected as a human intercept survey along a section of an off-street facility. The analysis demonstrates that a cogent distance decay pattern exists and that the decay function varies by trip purpose. Furthermore, we find that bicyclists travel, on average, 67% longer in order to include the trail facility on their route. The paper concludes by explaining how the distance decay and shortest path versus taken path analysis can aid in the planning and analysis of new trail systems.

Singapore motorisation restraint and its implications on travel behaviour and urban sustainability

The example of Singapore shows that rapid urban and economic growth does not have to bring traffic congestion and pollution. Singapore has chosen to restrain car traffic demand due to its limited land supply. Transport policy based on balanced development of road and transit infrastructure and restraint of traffic has been consistently implemented for the past 30 years. Combined with land use planning, it resulted in a modern transport system, which is free from major congestion and provides users with different travel alternatives. As the economic growth caused a substantial increase in demand for cars, several pricing policies were introduced with the aim of restraining car ownership and usage. Growth of the vehicle population is now controlled and potentially congested roads are subject to road pricing. These measures help to keep the roads free from major congestion, maintain car share of work trips below 25% and keep the transport energy usage low. Although Singapore conditions are in many aspects unique, its travel demand experience can provide useful lessons for other rapidly growing cities in Asia.

Do changes in neighborhood characteristics lead to changes in travel behavior? A structural equations modeling approach

Suburban sprawl has been widely criticized for its contribution to auto dependence. Numerous studies have found that residents in suburban neighborhoods drive more and walk less than their counterparts in traditional environments. However, most studies confirm only an association between the built environment and travel behavior, and have yet to establish the predominant underlying causal link: whether neighborhood design independently influences travel behavior or whether preferences for travel options affect residential choice. That is, residential self-selection may be at work. A few studies have recently addressed the influence of self-selection. However, our understanding of the causality issue is still immature. To address this issue, this study took into account individuals’ self-selection by employing a quasi-longitudinal design and by controlling for residential preferences and travel attitudes. In particular, using data collected from 547 movers currently living in four traditional neighborhoods and four suburban neighborhoods in Northern California, we developed a structural equations model to investigate the relationships among changes in the built environment, changes in auto ownership, and changes in travel behavior. The results provide some encouragement that land-use policies designed to put residents closer to destinations and provide them with alternative transportation options will actually lead to less driving and more walking.

Modeling residential sorting effects to understand the impact of the built environment on commute mode choice

This paper presents an examination of the significance of residential sorting or self selection effects in understanding the impacts of the built environment on travel choices. Land use and transportation system attributes are often treated as exogenous variables in models of travel behavior. Such models ignore the potential self selection processes that may be at play wherein households and individuals choose to locate in areas or built environments that are consistent with their lifestyle and transportation preferences, attitudes, and values. In this paper, a simultaneous model of residential location choice and commute mode choice that accounts for both observed and unobserved taste variations that may contribute to residential self selection is estimated on a survey sample extracted from the 2000 San Francisco Bay Area household travel survey. Model results show that both observed and unobserved residential self selection effects do exist; however, even after accounting for these effects, it is found that built environment attributes can indeed significantly impact commute mode choice behavior. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of the model findings for policy planning.

轨道交通车辆车轮踏面短波不平顺测试与分析

城市轨道交通轮轨表面短波不平顺是激发线路沿线振动与噪声的主要原因,准确而高效的测量轮轨表面短波不平顺是振动噪声预测、评估及源头控制的重要条件。通过对上海城市轨道交通2号线部分车辆轮踏面不平顺进行现场测试,利用统计分析、1/3倍频和功率谱分析研究了轮踏面不平顺时、频域组成特性。结果表明所测试的轨道交通车辆轮踏面不平顺水平是比较低的,大部分不平顺幅值积聚在3~13μm;在短波范围内,波长大于4.0 cm时不平顺状态比ISO3095标准要好,小于2.5 cm时不平顺状态较标准差;主要波长分布在57.7~95.2 cm,且大部分集中在70~80 cm,平均值为72.1 cm。     

A novel mutation-L539fs/47 of hERG in a Chinese long QT syndrome family

Objective To identify the mutation of human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) and analyze the clinical characteristics of a Chinese family with long ST syndrome (LQTS). Methods The electrocardiogram and DNA samples were obtained from a Chinese LQTS family of 26 members. Genotype was performed with polymorphic short tandem repeat (STR) markers at the known LQT1, LQT2, and LQT3 loci. SSCP analysis was used to find aberrant conformers. hERG mutation was confirmed by cloning and sequencing. Results Three gene carriers were linked to chromosome 7q35-36, where the potassium channel gene hERG was encoded. A 19-base pair deletion was identified. The mutation was located at nucleotide position 1 619-1 637 between transmembrane domains S4 and S5. Furthermore, A1692G polymorphism was found both in the normal control and patients. Conclusion A novel 19 bp deletion mutation of hERG is identified in a Chinese family. All gene carriers are demonstrated to be typical LQT2 ECG phenotype.     

钢—混凝土组合梁抗弯性能研究进展

钢—混凝土组合梁与传统的钢筋混凝土梁相比,具有跨度大、节省模板、减轻结构自重和较好的延性等优点,具有十分广阔的应用前景。系统总结了钢—混凝土组合梁抗弯性能(包括正弯矩作用下和负弯矩作用下)的研究现状,并指出了目前研究存在的问题与不足。     

深水高桩承台轻型吊箱施工方法的探讨

处于深水中的桥梁基础在施工上存在一定的难题,针对深水桩基作业提出了改进的轻型高桩承台吊箱施工方法,与传统的钢围堰砌筑承台相比能节省大量钢材,取得了显著的经济效益。该轻型吊箱施工方法经过辽河特大桥深水施工作业的实践检验,证明其具有施工操作方便、定位准、经济效益高等特点。