Subjective absolute discomfort threshold due to idle vibration in passenger vehicles according to sitting posture

Idle vibration, occurring when a vehicle comes to a stop while the engine is on, is known to be a main cause of discomfort for passengers, and the customer effect has been recently growing. The frequency of idle vibration is determined by the engine type. To lower the vibration, various technologies have been applied to optimize the engine mount and vehicle body structure. In addition to the technological developments, research on human response with a consideration of idle vibration is needed to effectively reduce the level of discomfort experienced by passengers. Seats aimed at enhancing static comfort influence the sitting posture of passengers; sitting posture is a factor affecting human body characteristics that response to idle vibration. This study examined the absolute discomfort threshold of idle vibration according to the sitting postures of 13 taxi drivers. The four sitting postures of subjects on a rigid-body seat without a backrest were variables in the determination of absolute discomfort threshold of idle vibration. The absolute discomfort threshold curves obtained in this experiment were less sensitive to frequency changes than the frequency weighting function of ISO 2631-1.     

In-depth understanding of lane changing interactions for in-vehicle driving assistance systems

Lane-changing events are often related with safety concern and traffic operational efficiency due to complex interactions with neighboring vehicles. In particular, lane changes in stop-and-go traffic conditions are of keen interest because these events lead to higher risk of crash occurrence caused by more frequent and abrupt vehicle acceleration and deceleration. From these perspectives, in-depth understanding of lane changes would be of keen interest in developing in-vehicle driving assistance systems. The purpose of this study is to analyze vehicle interactions using vehicle trajectories and to identify factors affecting lane changes with stop-and-go traffic conditions. This study used vehicle trajectory data obtained from a segment of the US-101 freeway in Southern California, as a part of the Next Generation Simulation (NGSIM) project. Vehicle trajectories were divided into two groups; with stop-and-go and without stop-and-go traffic conditions. Binary logistic regression (BLR), a well-known technique for dealing with the binary choice condition, was adopted to establish lane-changing decision models. Regarding lane changes without stop-and-go traffic conditions, it was identified based on the odd ratio investigation that he subject vehicle driver is more likely to pay attention to the movement of vehicles ahead, regardless of vehicle positions such as current and target lanes. On the other hand, the subject vehicle driver in stop-and-go traffic conditions is more likely to be affected by vehicles traveling on the target lane when deciding lane changes. The two BLR models are adequate for lane-changing decisions in normal and stop-and-go traffic conditions with about 80 % accuracy. A possible reason for this finding is that the subject vehicle driver has a tendency to pay greater attention to avoiding sideswipe or rear-end collision with vehicles on the target lane. These findings are expected to be used for better understanding of driver’s lane changing behavior associated with congested stop-and-go traffic conditions, and give valuable insights in developing algorithms to process sensor data in designing safer lateral maneuvering assistance systems, which include, for example, blind spot detection systems (BSDS) and lane keeping assistance systems (LKAS).     

喷射混凝土液体速凝剂研究现状

概述了国内外液体速凝剂的发展现状,按主要促凝组分把液体速凝剂分为4大类:水玻璃型、铝酸钠(钾)型、硫酸铝型和无硫无碱型液体速凝剂,针对每类液体速凝剂,分别从制备、性能特点和促凝机制研究3个方面对其国内外研究进展和最新成果进行了阐述。指出目前液体速凝剂尤其是无碱液体速凝剂在掺量、价格、储存稳定性和安全环保等几个方面存在的问题,并提出了今后液体速凝剂研究方向。     

大直径承插式钢顶管的施工受力变形测试分析——以厦门高集海堤原水管道迁改工程为例

承插式钢顶管可以实现大曲率顶进,但管节间的相对转动对接头和管身的影响机制却未得到系统研究。为研究大直径承插式钢顶管在顶进轴线调整过程中的受力变形特性,本文通过现场测试,详细记录了海底大直径钢顶管在顶进过程中承插式接头的测缝、径向变形和纵环向应力。结果表明,承插式接头可以适应大直径钢顶管的轴线偏转要求,管节间最大相对偏转角较规范允许的焊接式钢顶管最大偏转角增大了近19倍。在曲线顶进时,承插式钢顶管自身径向变形的调整可有效降低接头处的应力水平,且管节间由偏转产生的附加应力有限。     

广州地铁7号线列客室噪声分析与整治措施

针对广州地铁7号线列车正线行驶时客室噪声较大问题,通过噪声测试,分析车辆结构和轮轨状况等因素对列车噪声的影响,并从列车密封性、钢轨打磨、列车运行速度等方面开展列车运行噪声整治措施研究。研究结果表明,列车运行时客室噪声主要为轮轨噪声,通过钢轨打磨、列车限速、侧门密封性整改等措施可改善客室噪声问题。根据研究结果,提出了地铁车辆减噪设计建议。     

肋板形状对肋板式挡墙稳定性影响试验分析

肋板式挡墙是一种依靠肋板与肋板间土体的摩擦效应平衡墙背土压力的新(轻)型支挡结构,其稳定性受肋板形状的影响显著。开展由纸质肋板和有机玻璃面板构成的肋板式挡墙砂箱模型试验,研究3种典型肋板形状对肋板式挡墙稳定性影响规律,分析在极限稳定状态下肋板形状与肋板面积的内在关系。试验结果表明:肋板形状为上小下大的正立三角形肋板面积最小,其次为上大下小的倒三角形肋板,而矩形时所需的肋板面积最大。相对于矩形肋板,正立三角形肋板的面积节约率均值约为25.5%,底部约束的倒三角形肋板约为12.7%,倒三角形肋板约为6.3%;矩形、正立三角形和底部约束的倒三角形肋板式挡墙均为绕墙趾转动的倾覆破坏模式,倒三角形肋板式挡墙则随肋板间距减小由沿墙底滑移破坏模式转变为倾覆破坏;墙体肋板布置间距由疏至密变化,处于极限稳定状态的肋板式挡墙所需肋板长度呈非线性减小趋势,最终趋于稳定。     

随机森林算法在地铁车辆门系统润滑退化状态预测中的应用

为了更准确地对地铁车辆门系统的润滑退化状态进行诊断,提出了一种基于随机森林(RF)算法的车门润滑退化预测方法。首先,从车门驱动电机的电流、转速和转矩输出信号中提取时域特征指标作为表征车门运行状态的特征向量;然后,将特征向量作为RF算法的输入,对系统的润滑退化状态进行离线建模,得到不同的润滑退化状态的训练模型;最后,将在线分析结果与离线建立的模型库进行对比,预测当前系统所处的润滑状态。仿真结果表明,与传统的单分类器K-Means的诊断结果相比,RF算法在车门的润滑退化预测中具有更高的精度,可以及时预测系统的润滑退化征兆,对提高车门系统的安全性、可靠性,以及降低故障率具有重要意义。     

YPDM-2型移频电码化模块的设计

以LDJLZ-Ⅱ型计算机联锁全电子执行单元为工程背景,实现了该执行单元中的YPDM-2型移频电码化模块的软、硬件设计.YPDM-2型移频电码化模块是将现场既有的移频设备与全电子化执行单元所构成的联锁系统进行数据处理与传输的一个接口设备,能够可靠地实现站内电码化的各项技术要求.     

万里铁道“和谐”驰骋——中国铁路建设发展成就辉煌

速度创造奇迹。运营速度达到时速350km,创造了世界高速铁路之最。 建设改写历史。通车里程从新中国成立时的1．1万km,增加到2008年底的8万km,“世界屋脊”青藏高原首通火车。     

采用基于独立分量分析的盲信号分离方法分离出FSK信号中的干扰信号

国产移频轨道电路FSK信号是采用周期方波调制的移频信号.为了消除FSK信号中的干扰信号,采用基于独立分量分析的盲信号分离方法,对获得的混合信号进行白化处理,去除混合信号间的相关性,然后确定1个线性变换矩阵,利用变换矩阵分离出混合信号中的各个独立信号.对FSK信号中混入调幅干扰信号、改变采样频率及采样时间、混入随机脉冲干扰信号3种情况分别进行模拟仿真.仿真结果表明:采用该方法能消除FSK信号中的干扰信号,并可获得FSK信号的上、下边频信号,有效地保存了原FSK信号.