机械液压联锁同步升降装置解析计算及有限元分析

针对船闸人字门检修时传统的顶落门施工工艺复杂情况,设计了机械液压连锁同步升降装置,分析了装置的结构原理及受力工况。采用解析计算和有限元分析相结合的方法对装置中主要受力件螺纹活塞杆和安全齿形螺母进行理论强度校核,并基于Ansys软件分析装置在载荷物以重力下坠极限工况下的情况。结果表明：装置的理论强度满足要求,有限元分析的局部区域存在最大等效应力接近材料屈服极限情况。结合分析结果和装置的结构特点提出了改造建议,进一步优化了装置的设计。     

一种内河船舶吃水检测系统设计

船舶在通过船闸和升船机等通航设施时因超吃水会导致安全事故,目前常见的船舶吃水检测方法均存在弊端,无法满足检测需求。结合超声波衍射原理,设计一种基于侧扫单波束阵列的吃水检测系统,详细介绍该系统的组成及功能,并在葛洲坝船闸进行安装和测试。结果表明,该系统具有水质适应性强、易于安装、维护方便等优点,能够有效检测船舶动态吃水,测量值与实际核实吃水值的标准差小于0. 086 m,对过闸船舶具有一定的预警作用。     

Identifying optimal data aggregation interval sizes for link and corridor travel time estimation and forecasting

With the recent increase in the deployment of ITS technologies in urban areas throughout the world, traffic management centers have the ability to obtain and archive large amounts of data on the traffic system. These data can be used to estimate current conditions and predict future conditions on the roadway network. A general solution methodology for identifying the optimal aggregation interval sizes for four scenarios is proposed in this article: (1) link travel time estimation, (2) corridor/route travel time estimation, (3) link travel time forecasting, and (4) corridor/route travel time forecasting. The methodology explicitly considers traffic dynamics and frequency of observations. A formulation based on mean square error (MSE) is developed for each of the scenarios and interpreted from a traffic flow perspective. The methodology for estimating the optimal aggregation size is based on (1) the tradeoff between the estimated mean square error of prediction and the variance of the predictor, (2) the differences between estimation and forecasting, and (3) the direct consideration of the correlation between link travel time for corridor/route estimation and forecasting. The proposed methods are demonstrated using travel time data from Houston, Texas, that were collected as part of the automatic vehicle identification (AVI) system of the Houston Transtar system. It was found that the optimal aggregation size is a function of the application and traffic condition.

盐田港总体规划实施的环境影响研究

在对盐田港及附近区域环境质量现状调查、监测与评价的基础上,依据相关的环保法规与标准,集合区域社会、经济发展的规划目标,识别规划环境影响的主要因子,提出盐田港区总体规划开发过程中的主要环境问题,从而提出合理开发利用资源、调整经济发展格局及环保综合治理的措施和建议,用以指导建设生态型现代化的盐田港区。     

Rapid first-stage tests of on-ship infection

Protection against on-ship infectious disease—whether due to mishap or to harmful purpose—faces special situational problems. Sometimes, when infection levels on board have reached threshold levels, emergency actions are required. Often, the most thorough strategies for responding to threat are not feasible. A rapid first-stage test (RFT) is a fast, minimally invasive procedure used to rule out from possible infection a large percentage of an infection-threatened group. Prevention and control of on-ship infection need to combine various interconnected tactics. When timely criterion tests are not possible, the medical team must adopt fast alternative measures. The methods used to summarize protection against on-ship infectious agents included a scientific literature review and a web search. The fields of the review were maritime, health, and technology sources. Special attention was paid to material dealing with risks and threats of on-ship penetration by infectious agents, on-ship infection prevalence thresholds, and rapid diagnostic screens. The Bayes rule and the law of large numbers were applied to the analysis, for large on-ship populations, of RFT indications of crossing of an infection prevalence threshold. The increasing risk of serious on-ship infection—either accidental or purposeful—calls for a multi-layered protection approach. RFTs are a key part of the outer layer of such a defense. Well-designed and well-administered RFTs provide several advantages for defense against on-ship infection: low-cost, non-invasive, fast, and focuses on a drastically smaller number of infection possibilities.     

Characteristics of premium transit services that affect mode choice

This research seeks to improve the understanding of the full range of determinants for mode choice behavior and to offer practical solutions to practitioners on representing and distinguishing these characteristics in travel demand forecasting models. The principal findings were that the representation of awareness of transit services is significantly different than the underlying assumption of mode choice and forecasting models that there is perfect awareness and consideration of all modes. Furthermore, inclusion of non-traditional transit attributes and attitudes can improve mode choice models and reduce bias constants. Additional methods and analyses are necessary to bring these results into practice. The work is being conducted in two phases. This paper documents the results of Phase I, which included data collection for one case study city (Salt Lake City), research and analysis of non-traditional transit attributes in mode choice models, awareness of transit services, and recommendations for bringing these analyses into practice. Phase II will include data collection for two additional case study cities (Chicago and Charlotte) with minor modifications based on limitations identified in Phase I, additional analyses where Phase I results indicated a need, and a demonstration of the research in practice for at least one case study city.     

Assessing a maritime service website prototype in a ship bridge simulator: navigators’ experiences and perceptions of novel e-Navigation solutions

The aim of this study was to assess proof of concept and usability of a maritime service website prototype in a full-mission ship bridge simulator through Swedish mariners’ experiences and perceptions. This test was part of the European Commission’s EfficienSea2 project for e-navigation. The prototype was intended as an aid to existing standard systems and methodologies for planning, executing and monitoring voyages. The study began with 5 days of simulator trials focused on today’s standard practices. This served as a baseline to compare to subsequent 4 days of simulator trials testing the prototype. For data collection, observations, video footage, interviews, and eye tracking were used. Data analysis included breaking apart the qualitative data to capture the perceptions of the participants, and a preliminary analysis of eye-tracking data as a complement. The results suggested that the prototype could be more suitable for a route planning stage, that the participants were familiar with similar existing solutions from other manufacturers, and that the contents of the tool would be most beneficial if integrated within the Electronic Chart Display and Information Systems (ECDIS). There is a pressing need for the novel solutions to be user needs-driven, integrated with the existing technologies, and standardized across the domain, and these processes must go hand-in-hand with accounting for all involved stakeholders, procedures, regulations, and training, as this will alter the course of shipping.     

An analysis of the determinants of children’s weekend physical activity participation

This paper examines the out-of-home, weekend, time-use patterns of children aged 5–17 years, with a specific emphasis on their physical activity participation. The impact of several types of factors, including individual and household demographics, neighborhood demographics, built environment characteristics, and activity day variables, on physical activity participation is analyzed using a joint nested multiple discrete–continuous extreme value-binary choice model. The sample for analysis is drawn from the 2000 San Francisco Bay Area Travel Survey. The model developed in the paper can be used to assess the impacts of changing demographics and built environment characteristics on children’s physical activity levels.     

公路隧道内火灾烟气温度及层化高度分布特征试验

通过在云南昆明—石林高速公路阳宗隧道内的现场模拟火灾试验,对不同纵向通风速率下公路隧道内火灾烟气温度及层化高度沿隧道的分布特征进行了研究。结果表明:拱顶下方烟气温度沿隧道呈幂指数分布;纵向通风速度对烟气层高度沿隧道的分布有重大影响,纵向风速较小时,烟气可以在隧道上部空间维持较好的层化结构,不会影响火灾发生时人员的安全疏散,而较大的纵向风速将导致烟气层高度沿隧道迅速降到地面,对火灾发生时的人员疏散造成威胁。