Effect of nozzle orifice diameter on diesel spray tip penetration according to various spray models for CFD simulation with widely varying back pressure

CFD simulations of spray tip penetration with the standard KIVA3V, ‘original gas jet’ and ‘Normal gas jet profile with breakup length formula’ (NGJBL) spray models were performed to investigate the effects of nozzle orifice size and ambient gas density combinations on the spray penetration. The accuracy of the CFD simulation results was estimated by comparing them with available experimental data. The ambient gas density was varied in 12 kg/m³ intervals from 12 to 69 kg/m³ for each nozzle orifice diameter. The nozzle orifice diameters used were 119, 140, 183 and 206 mm. A total of 20 cases in the CFD simulations were considered with combinations of the 4 nozzle orifice diameters and 5 ambient gas densities. CFD simulations with the NGJBL spray model were more accurate than those with either the standard KIVA3V or gas jet spray models as the nozzle orifice diameter and ambient gas density was increased. The NGJBL and original gas jet model is more effective in predicting the spray tip penetration near the nozzle tip region.     

Travel time estimation oriented freeway sensor placement problem considering sensor failure

Optimal sensor placement on freeway corridor is of great interest to transportation authorities. However, current traffic sensors are easily subject to various failures. Therefore, it is necessary to incorporate sensor failure into the optimal sensor placement model. In this article, a two-stage stochastic model is proposed for the purpose of travel time estimation on freeway corridor. To balance the effectiveness and reliability, a stochastic conditional value at risk (CVaR) model is also proposed. Since both models are too complicated, a customized genetic algorithm is developed. Numerical experiments show that considering sensor failure makes a significant performance improvement in the sensor placement pattern. Sensitivity analysis is also applied to investigate the impact of a number of allowable sensors and different traffic sensor failure probability.     

Vibration reduction of H/Shaft using an electromagnetic damper with mode change

The objective of this study is to develop a damper that can reduce the amplitude of vibration in various frequency ranges. Previous H/Shaft vibration reduction methods work in a passive way. A dynamic damper reduces the amplitude of vibration at its first mode, but vibration still appears at the second mode. A mass damper or hollow shaft can shift the natural frequency to a lower or higher region. The fixed operating frequency prevents vibration from being reduced outside the operating frequency range. The proposed damper uses electromagnets as either masses or actuators to change the damper mode between dynamic damper mode and mass damper mode. The electromagnetic damper (EMD) can change its mode to respond to the vibration excitation at both low and high frequencies. The vibration reduction performance was evaluated by FRF tests in laboratory and vehicle conditions. The results were compared with those of a dynamic damper and indicate that the amplitude of vibration is reduced by 95.6 % when the EMD is implemented on an H/Shaft, whereas only 61.9 % vibration reduction is achieved by the dynamic damper.     

State estimation in roll dynamics for commercial vehicles

Accurate lateral load transfer estimation plays an important role in improving the performance of the active rollover prevention system equipped in commercial vehicles. This estimation depends on the accurate prediction of roll angles for both the sprung and the unsprung subsystems. This paper proposes a novel computational method for roll-angle estimation in commercial vehicles employing sensors which are already used in a vehicle dynamic control system without additional expensive measurement units. The estimation strategy integrates two blocks. The first block contains a sliding-mode observer which is responsible for calculating the lateral tyre forces, while in the second block, the Kalman filter estimates the roll angles of the sprung mass and those of axles in the truck. The validation is conducted through MATLAB/TruckSim co-simulation. Based on the comparison between the estimated results and the simulation results from TruckSim, it can be concluded that the proposed estimation method has a promising tracking performance with low computational cost and high convergence speed. This approach enables a low-cost solution for the rollover prevention in commercial vehicles.     

高速公路景观设计初探

就高速公路景观设计进行了探讨.     

船舶上层建筑重量重心对其固有频率的影响

在船舶设计、建造过程中及船舶建造完成后,有时上层建筑的固有频率与主机、螺旋桨的激励频率相接近。想要通过一些简单有效的手段对船舶进行修改,使上层建筑的固有频率避开激励源频率以避免共振。本文利用大型通用有限元分析软件Ansys,以某300,000吨级原油船为研究对象,对上层建筑的重量和重心高度如何影响上层建筑的首阶横向、纵向固有频率进行灵敏度分析,以求找到简单有效的、适于工程实际中改变船舶上层建筑固有频率的方法。     

堆料机悬臂皮带机打滑原因的分析与处理

堆料机的悬臂皮带机在使用过程中,当悬臂上仰角度达到正常需要工作角度的某一值时,皮带会发生打滑现象,尤其是应用于运送铁矿和采用螺旋张紧或液压张紧装置张紧的悬臂皮带机,更易出现打滑的现象。通过实例分析其打滑机理,并提出解决办法。     

浅谈设备大修与更新阶段的成本控制

在设备日常管理中应该以主动维护代替大修,尽量降低修理级别,并将设备大修及技术改造与设备更新结合起来,充分发挥设备效能,降低综合管理成本,实现企业利润最大化.     

焊装车间机器人的节拍分析及优化设计

为了实现焊装车间降本增效的目标,对焊装车间自动生产线上机器人的生产节拍进行优化.通过分析机器人的工作时序逻辑,查找机器人不合理的工作时序,进而分析机器人的底层程序,修改程序上的问题,优化工作时序,消除机器人工作时序逻辑不合理产生的等待浪费,提升生产线的生产节拍,从而提高车间的生产效率,最终实现降本增效的目标.