中小型集装箱码头的设备选型配套

结合对蛇口招商港务服务公司集装箱业务发展情况以及集装箱码头设备选型配套经验的介绍，阐明中小型集装箱码头设备的选型配套原则。在进行集装箱岸边装卸或堆场装卸等设备的配套时，不能盲目一哄而上，搞大而全，搞一步到位，搞形象工程，而应从实际出发，充分考虑经济效益，小步快走，逐步发展。     

Evaluation of general aviation management at Denver Stapleton airport

The potential benefits of general aviation management at a major airport is examined in this paper. The three general aviation management techniques investigated are volume reduction, runway segregation and time restriction.

First, a methodology for analyzing these techniques is discussed. The various effects on each user group are quantified for economic comparison between each management technique attempted. A computer simulation model was used to measure the delay effects. Then, these techniques are applied to Denver Stapleton Airport to measure their effects in present and future scenarios.

The results show that the best general aviation management technique is volume restriction. The use of peak‐hour pricing mechanism provided better results than random rejection, particularly if only a small degree of diversion is desired. The construction of a new general aviation runway provided equivalent results to the best technique tested.     

The future of the American seaman

This paper analyses the occupational future of the American merchant seaman. Reasons for the decline, foreign competition, technological change, effective manning and the feast or famine cycle are analysed. Strategies for the resurgence of the occupation are discussed.     

Public transit subsidies, output effect and total factor productivity

This paper extends previous works on total factor productivity decomposition when firms receive both operating and capital subsidies. It shows that previous works considered either the lump-sum or substitution effects of these subsidies but not together. Using constrained cost minimization as the framework it offers formal proofs to show that cost increases are inevitable if the total effects of the subsidies are considered, and that total factor productivity growth results from increasing amounts of subsidies under economies of scale and in the absence of technical change. Applications of the decomposition equations derived to a sample of transit systems finds near constant returns to scale and negative contributions of these subsidies to total factor productivity growth. Technical change reverses this decline and results in total factor productivity growth. Further, it finds that the lump-sum effects of the subsidies reduce total factor productivity more than does the substitution effect.     

Silicon dynamics in the Oder estuary, Baltic Sea

Studies on dissolved silicate (DSi) and biogenic silica (BSi) dynamics were carried out in the Oder estuary, Baltic Sea in 2000–2005. The Oder estuary proved to be an important component of the Oder River–Baltic Sea continuum where very intensive seasonal DSi uptake during spring and autumn, but also BSi regeneration during summer take place. Owing to the regeneration process annual DSi patterns in the river and the estuary distinctly differed; the annual patterns of DSi in the estuary showed two maxima and two minima in contrast to one maximum- and one minimum-pattern in the Oder River. DSi concentrations in the river and in the estuary were highest in winter (200–250 μmol dm^− 3) and lowest (often less than 1 μmol dm^− 3) in spring, concomitant with diatom growth; such low values are known to be limiting for new diatom growth. Secondary DSi summer peaks at the estuary exit exceeded 100 μmol dm^− 3, and these maxima were followed by autumn minima coinciding with the autumn diatom bloom. Seasonal peaks in BSi concentrations (ca. 100 μmol dm^− 3) occurred during the spring diatom bloom in the Oder River. Mass balance calculations of DSi and BSi showed that DSi + BSi import to the estuary over a two year period was 103.2 kt and that can be compared with the DSi export of 98.5 kt. The difference between these numbers gives room for ca. 2.5 kt BSi to be annually exported to the Baltic Sea. Sediment cores studies point to BSi annual accumulation on the level of 2.5 kt BSi. BSi import to the estuary is on the level of ca. 10.5 kt, thus ca. 5 kt of BSi is annually converted into the DSi, increasing the pool of DSi that leaves the system. BSi concentrations being ca. 2 times higher at the estuary entrance than at its exit remain in a good agreement with the DSi and BSi budgeting presented in the paper.     

海底电缆带电状态埋设方法

根据规范要求,油田平台问海底电缆需要埋设在泥面以下1.5m,但是如果在电缆使用过程中,发现电缆被船舶锚泊时拖出泥面,裸露在海床上.应该采取什么措施,才能使在油田不停产的情况下,将带电电缆铺设到规定的埋深,避免电缆再次受到外力或起抛锚作业影响而使油田中断生产.结合已经成功实施的CFD-11油田平台间带电电缆埋设项目,介绍了电缆带电状态下电缆的埋设方法及施工工艺.     

模糊决策在铁路工程地基处理方案选择中的应用

针对软土地基处理方案的影响因素具有模糊性的特点，利用模糊数学的原理和方法，建立模糊综合判别模型，利用层次分析法确定评价因素的权重，对定性因素和定量因素作出一个总体的评估，并结合邯黄线实例进行验证分析，为优化地基处理方案提供了一种有效实用的方法。     

Optimal synthesis of function generation in steering linkages

This paper presents an approach to optimize planar mechanisms for function generation synthesis. It is applied to the design of different steering linkages used in road vehicles where the Ackermann condition is formulated as the objective function. Four different mechanisms are kinematically defined and synthesized in terms of the proposed method. Limitations of the size of the elements are also considered by means of inequality constraints. Solutions are presented as the difference between desired behaviour, established by Ackermann, and actual generated performance. The results show that the accuracy achieved by the proposed procedure is satisfactory for working conditions in this type of linkages.