扬州市金湾河大桥工程建设实践

金湾河大桥是扬州市金湾路新建工程中的一座跨河桥梁,也是该项目的控制性节点工程,经方案比选主桥采用预应力混凝土连续梁。介绍了金湾河大桥总体方案、桥梁结构设计、计算分析以及预应力混凝土连续梁施工中的临时固结设计、挂篮悬臂浇筑、施工监控等关键工艺和技术,可为类似桥梁建设提供参考。     

先张法折线预应力工字梁成桥动载试验研究

为了解先张法折线预应力工字梁成桥后结构的自振频率、振幅、冲击系数等动力特性实测参数,通过对其进行动载试验,将有限元计算的理论值与实测值进行了对比分析,发现自振频率、振幅、冲击系数等动力特性实测参数均小于理论值,表明桥梁整体受力性能良好,满足设计运营荷载等级的要求。     

市政给中水管道设计优化分析

市政给排水管道结构设计是一项关乎管道安全的重要设计,设计人员往往根据以往经验和常规做法进行管道设计,忽略了管道安全计算,这将直接影响城市市政道路给排水管道工程的质量。结合实际项目,对给水、中水管道的常规管材球墨铸铁管进行结构计算分析,并根据计算结果选择相应的措施,进一步完善市政管道设计,在满足设计规划、规范和要求的基础上,提高设计质量,确保城市道路市政给排水管道正常、高效地运行。     

复杂地层地铁旁通道冻结孔施工技术

在复杂地层中,对地铁旁通道采用水平冻结法施工是一种有效手段,而冻结孔施工又是旁通道工程的关键工序之一.结合上海地铁十一号线祁连山-真南路站区间旁通道施工实例,介绍了含承压水的砂性土复杂地层中旁通道冻结孔的施工技术,包括壁后预注浆加固、冻结孔开孔以及夯管等技术,对类似地质条件下旁通道冻结孔施工具有一定的参考价值和指导意义.     

城市干道下超浅埋平顶隧道全断面修建技术研究

位于厦门市的明发商业广场嘉禾路地下行车通道,所处围岩条件差、地下管线密集、工期紧张.该工程为平顶框架式通道,开挖跨度大、结构埋深浅、车流量大,为了保证施工的安全、地下管线的正常使用以及地面交通的正常运行,施工时必须严格控制结构变形、管线变形以及地表沉降.为此,通过有限元数值模拟,确定了全断面的施工方法,并综合应用了包括长管棚预注浆加固、尽快施做二次衬砌封闭成环和现场监控量测等在内的各项技术,使得工期缩短了1个月.通过该项工程全断面法修建技术的成功应用,获得了良好的社会、经济和环境效益,并总结出了该类工程施工时围岩变形及地表沉降的基本规律,这也为今后的相关工程积累了经验.     

Multi‐objective highway alignment optimization using a genetic algorithm

The available highway alignment optimization algorithms use the total cost as the objective function. This is a single objective optimization process. In this process, travel‐time, vehicle operation accident earthwork land acquisition and pavement construction costs are the basic components of the total cost. This single objective highway alignment optimization process has limited capability in handling the cost components separately. Moreover, this process cannot yield a set of alternative solutions from a single run. This paper presents a multi‐objective approach to overcome these shortcomings. Some of the cost components of highway alignments are conflicting in nature. Minimizing some of them will yield a straighter alignment; whereas, minimizing others would make the alignment circuitous. Therefore, the goal of the multiobjective optimization approach is to handle the trade‐off amongst the highway alignment design objectives and present a set of near optimal solutions. The highway alignment objectives, i.e., cost functions, are not continuous in nature. Hence, a special genetic algorithm based multi‐objective optimization algorithm is suggested The proposed methodology is demonstrated via a case study at the end.     

The Alternative Motor Fuels Act, alternative-fuel vehicles, and greenhouse gas emissions

The corporate average fuel economy (CAFE) standard is the major policy tool to improve the fleet average miles per gallon of automobile manufacturers in the US. The Alternative Motor Fuels Act (AMFA) provides special treatment in calculating the fuel economy of alternative-fuel vehicles to give manufacturers CAFE incentives to produce more alternative-fuel vehicles. AMFA has as its goals an increase in the production of alternative-fuel vehicles and a decrease in gasoline consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. This paper examines theoretically the effects of the program set up under AMFA. It finds that, under some conditions, this program may actually increase the production of fuel-inefficient gasoline vehicles, gasoline consumption and greenhouse gas emissions.     

Developing an enhanced weight-based topological map-matching algorithm for intelligent transport systems

Map-matching (MM) algorithms integrate positioning data from a Global Positioning System (or a number of other positioning sensors) with a spatial road map with the aim of identifying the road segment on which a user (or a vehicle) is travelling and the location on that segment. Amongst the family of MM algorithms consisting of geometric, topological, probabilistic and advanced, topological MM (tMM) algorithms are relatively simple, easy and quick, enabling them to be implemented in real-time. Therefore, a tMM algorithm is used in many navigation devices manufactured by industry. However, existing tMM algorithms have a number of limitations which affect their performance relative to advanced MM algorithms. This paper demonstrates that it is possible by addressing these issues to significantly improve the performance of a tMM algorithm. This paper describes the development of an enhanced weight-based tMM algorithm in which the weights are determined from real-world field data using an optimisation technique. Two new weights for turn-restriction at junctions and link connectivity are introduced to improve the performance of matching, especially at junctions. A new procedure is developed for the initial map-matching process. Two consistency checks are introduced to minimise mismatches. The enhanced map-matching algorithm was tested using field data from dense urban areas and suburban areas. The algorithm identified 96.8% and 95.93% of the links correctly for positioning data collected in urban areas of central London and Washington, DC, respectively. In case of suburban area, in the west of London, the algorithm succeeded with 96.71% correct link identification with a horizontal accuracy of 9.81 m (2σ). This is superior to most existing topological MM algorithms and has the potential to support the navigation modules of many Intelligent Transport System (ITS) services.     

The impact of climate change and weather on transport: An overview of empirical findings

This paper presents a survey of the empirical literature on the effects of climate change and weather conditions on the transport sector. Despite mixed evidence on many issues, several patterns can be observed. On a global scale especially shifts in tourism and agricultural production due to increased temperatures may lead to shifts in passenger and freight transport. The predicted rise in sea levels and the associated increase in frequency and intensity of storm surges and flooding incidences may furthermore be some of the most worrying consequences of climate change, especially for coastal areas. Climate change related shifts in weather patterns might also cause infrastructure disruptions. Clear patterns are that precipitation affects road safety by increasing accident frequency but decreasing severity. Precipitation also increases congestion, especially during peak hours. Furthermore, an increased frequency of low water levels may considerably increase costs of inland waterway transport. Despite these insights, the net impact of climate change on generalised costs of the various transport modes are uncertain and ambiguous, with a possible exception for inland waterway transport.