基于流形理论的数据分类挖掘

数据挖掘技术应用于作战指挥挖掘系统,能为指挥员的决策分析提供智能化的、自动化的辅助手段。在分析数据挖掘问题中的分类算法的基础上,利用流形结构对分类算法进行了改进。从而避免全局线性对分类信息造成的丢失,保留完整的数据结构信息,在一般意义下完成针对数据集的各项任务。     

数据挖掘技术在深度防御网络安全体系中的运用

随着攻击技术的日新月异及攻击数量的与日俱增,提高网络安全深度防御体系的效力是一个亟待解决的问题。将数据挖掘技术应用于网络安全深度防御体系中,在海量数据中挖掘有效信息、提高防御能力是一个新的思路。文章介绍了网络安全深度防御体系的概念及数据挖掘技术在网络安全深度防御体系构建中的应用。     

基于HLA架构的舰船编队网络视景仿真系统

文章在HLA架构下实现了OMNeT＋＋和VEGA仿真平台下的分布式网络视景仿真系统,介绍了舰船编队分布式仿真系统的总体构架和构成,网络通信仿真联邦成员OMNeT＋＋及视景仿真联邦成员VEGA的程序设计及实现。完成了VEGA仿真平台对OMNeT＋＋通信系统中的舰船编队系统的运动、发送报文等状态的三维显示。     

完善预防预警机制 提高防灾搜救能力：部际联手 构筑和谐水上安全屏障

2008年,对于中国人来说,是极不平凡的一年。 但无论是南方雪灾、汶川地震时保障水路通畅,还是举办奥运战浒苔、防抗台风保平安,总有一种坚定的力量,在危急时刻营救生命、排除万难,为营造和谐的水上环境,构筑起一道安全屏障：这力量来自于党中央、国务院、中央军委正确领导下的国家海上搜救部际联席会议各成员单位及国务院相关部门。     

基于混合法的内部结构声分析

有限元法（FEM）是广泛接受的分析耦合结构声（SA）系统动力响应的预报工具。由于随频率增加计算模型也增加导致基于单元的方法在实际中约束在低频段。一种替代方法是基于间接Trefftz法的基于波动方法（WBM）。但WBM的不足之处在于高计算效率只针对中度复杂的几何模型。为了利用两者的优势：FEM的广泛应用和WBM的高收敛特性,提出了混合FE-WB预报法（FEM-WBM）。基本原理是将FE模型中较大且几何简单的部分采用WBM代替。得到的耦合模型仍具有较少的自由度。简要描述了FEM、WBM以及混合FEM-WBM的理论基础。最后将该方法应用于一个简单的结构声模型,理论分析结果与数值仿真计算结果吻合较好,该混合方法有潜力覆盖中频段。     

钢材货装卸工艺的综合开发与优化

为适应钢材货源结构的变化,提高钢材货装卸质量,秦皇岛港对钢材装卸工艺及工属具进行改进和优化。分别介绍了钢板、铜板、型钢、盘条和卷钢装卸改进后的工艺,并将新旧装卸工艺作了比较,可供同行借鉴。     

Impact of macrozoobenthic structures on near-bed sediment fluxes

Sandy sediments in shallow coastal waters of the Baltic Sea are often characterised by large numbers of biogenic structures which are produced by macrozoobenthos species. A series of experiments was devised to quantify how the interaction of such structures with the near-bed flow regime affects the sediment flux. Most experiments were done with simplified replicates of structures generated by typical species commonly found in the Mecklenburg Bight, starting with solitary structures and regularly-spaced arrays in a range of characteristic population densities, followed by a complex benthic macrofauna community, both artificial and alive. A laboratory flume channel, equipped with an acoustic Doppler flow sensor and a topography scanning laser, was used for high-resolution measurements (2 mm horizontal step size and 0.3 mm vertical resolution) of sand erosion (220 µm median grain size, at 20 cm s^− 1) and fine particle deposition (8 µm grain size, at 5 cm s^− 1). Sediment transport threshold values were measured for each layout. As a rule-of-thumb, both the erosion fluxes and the deposition of suspended matter increased considerably at low population densities (below 2%, expressed as percent of the sediment surface covered, i.e. roughness density RD). Above densities of 4%, erosion almost stopped inside the test arrays, and deposition remained well below the level of unpopulated areas. An attempt to extrapolate these findings to field conditions (using field current velocity data from 2001) showed that the net flux switched from erosion to deposition for densities above 5%. These parameters can now be integrated into a numerical sediment transport model coupling waves, currents, sediment dynamics and biological processes, which is currently under construction at the Baltic Sea Research Institute (IOW), Rostock, Germany.     

The importance of oceanographic fronts to marine birds and mammals of the southern oceans

During the last 30 years, at-sea studies of seabirds and marine mammals in the oceans south of the Subtropical Front have described an association with major frontal areas. More recently, the advancement in microtechnology has allowed the tracking of individuals and investigations into how these marine predators actually use the frontal zones. In this review, we examine 1) the relative importance to apex predators of the different frontal zones in terms of spatial distribution and carbon flux; 2) the processes that determine their preferential use; and 3) how the mesoscale dynamics of frontal structures drive at-sea foraging strategies of these predators. We review published results from southern waters and place them in a broader context with respect to what has been learned about the importance of fronts in oceans farther north.Some fronts constitute important boundaries for seabird communities in southern waters. At a mesoscale the maximum values of seabird diversity and abundance correspond to the location of the main fronts. At-sea surveys show a strong curvilinear correlation between seabird abundance and sea surface temperatures. High mean species richness and diversity for whales and seabirds are consistently associated with the southern water mass boundary of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, the Subtropical Front and the Subantarctic Front; in the case of the Polar Front mean seabird densities are more variable. At small-scales, variation in seabird occurrence has been directly related to the processes at fronts in a limited number of cases. A significant positive relation was found between some plankton feeding species and frontal temperature gradient–phytoplankton variables.Telemetric studies have revealed that several apex predators (penguins, albatrosses, seals) perform long, directed foraging trips either to the Subtropical front or Polar Front, depending on locality. Seabirds with low flight costs, such as albatrosses, are able to reach fronts at long distances from colonies, showing variable foraging strategies as a function of the distances involved. Diving birds such as King penguins, that travel at a higher cost and lower speed, rely on the predictable spatial distribution of mesopelagic fish found close to the Polar Front. They may use the currents associated with eddies as oceanographic cues in the active search for frontal zones. Once in these areas they dive preferentially in and below the depth of the thermocline where catches per unit effort are high. Elephant seals concentrate foraging activity principally inside or at the boundary of cyclonic eddies. These mesoscale features appear to offer exceptional productivity favourable for foraging by various diving top predators.The connection between biophysical parameters at fronts and predators is likely to be made through biological enhancement. Top predators appear to forage at locations where prey are advected by physical processes and others where prey are produced locally. Long-term research on at-sea distributions and demographic parameters of top predators are essential to assess the consequences of potential shift in front distributions in relation to global warming. Such environmental changes would add to the impact of fish extraction by the industrial fisheries on the southern food webs.     

Egg production and associated losses of carbon, nitrogen and fatty acids from maternal biomass in Calanus finmarchicus before the spring bloom

We present concurrent data on ingestion, egg production and the loss of maternal biomass in pre-spring bloom female Calanus finmarchicus incubated under conditions representative of those in situ in the North Atlantic. A balanced metabolic budget was constructed and used to examine the relative importance of ingestion and biomass for fuelling egg production during the incubations. Ingested carbon was not sufficient to meet the observed demands for egg production. More than 80% of the carbon utilised by the females was instead derived from their biomass. Fatty acid analysis demonstrated that the storage reserves, 20:1 (n−9) and 22:1 (n−11), were virtually absent before experimentation began, and therefore could not have been used to supply the carbon required for egg production during the incubations. The C:N mass-specific ratio of the biomass utilised was 4.1, suggesting that the females had instead catabolised protein in order to meet their metabolic demands. These results suggest that C. finmarchicus adopts a sacrificial reproductive strategy when food availability is low.     

Elemental composition, biochemical composition and caloric value of Antarctic krill.: Implications in Energetics and carbon balances

Samples of Antarctic krill were analyzed for elemental composition, biochemical composition, weight and caloric content. Sexes and maturity stages were separated. Mature females showed the highest caloric values (Joules) and juveniles the lowest in a per animal basis. On unit of wet weight per animal basis, spent females showed the lowest caloric values. For the caloric values by animal, a significant difference was found between males, mature females, spent females and juveniles, either on a per animal basis or in the basis of 1 g of wet weight, showing a real difference between the groups, regardless of their individual size. Significant differences were found for carbon, nitrogen and lipids, but not for proteins, analyzed in % of dry weight. Carbon was lowest for spent females and highest for mature females. On the contrary, nitrogen values were lowest for mature females and highest for males. Mature females had the highest lipid content and males the lowest. All variables were significantly correlated. For the linear regression analysis, the best correlation found was between Joules and carbon, followed by carbon vs. dry weight and Joules vs. dry weight. In an analysis with two independent variables, the best correlation was found for Joules vs. lipids and dry weight, followed by Joules vs. carbon and nitrogen, and Joules vs. lipids and proteins. The results obtained were used to make an analysis of the energy and carbon fluxes through the food chain in the sampled area, showing higher energetic and carbon “densities” in frontal areas, the POM calorific values showed an opposite pattern than that of krill.