公路施工拌和站设置的费用优化分析

在公路工程施工中,材料的运杂费和拌和料的运输对工程成本影响极大,其成本是随拌和站的数量、地点和材料的分布不同而有较大变化。针对拌和站的布置,建立了相应的计算模型,并利用遗传算法,寻找最佳的拌和站布置,以获得费用最合理的施工组织方案。结合实际工程给出了计算实例,优化结果令人满意。     

确定边坡潜在滑移面的方法研究

运用极限平衡法在进行边坡稳定性分析时,首先要假定潜在滑移面,这存在一定的主观性。为此,可将极限平衡法和有限元强度折减法结合起来,根据有限元计算的应力和变形计算结果,确定边坡内部可能发生滑移的潜在滑移面,以弥补极限平衡法在滑移面假定上的不足。通过算例,采用塑性位移等值线梯度方向上特征节点位移的突变作为失稳判据,用强度折减弹塑性有限元法计算边坡内的应力和变形,得到假定的潜在滑动面,并用B ishop法计算安全系数。结果表明,用有限元强度折减法寻找潜在的滑移面是可行的。     

碳纤维复合材料索斜拉桥的设计与测试

为了解碳纤维复合材料（CFRP）索斜拉桥的结构性能、施工技术以及长期性能,进行了中国首座CFRP索斜拉桥的设计和应用研究。阐述了该桥主要部件的设计要点,采用有限元法分析了其整体受力性能;结合该桥的建造,研究了中等长度CFRP拉索的制备工艺和安装工艺;根据施工过程仿真分析结果,提出拉索的张拉方案,并在拉索张拉期间,对主梁、主塔及拉索进行了全面的测试。测试结果表明,测试值与理论值吻合良好,CFRP拉索中各根筋材受力均匀性很好。该桥在建造期间的测试、分析以及经过2年多的使用充分表明,CFRP拉索在中国斜拉桥上的初次应用是成功的。     

我国汽车产业循环经济模式的研究

在借鉴和总结国内外汽车产业在生态设计、减量化制造、废旧汽车回收再利用等方面的先进经验基础上,提出了汽车产业实施循环经济的"4R"原则,按产品生命周期的不同阶段分别探讨了实施循环经济的有效途径,并结合我国的实际特点,提出了相关的政策建议。     

多孔混凝土收缩性能研究

通过对多孔混凝土与普通混凝土的收缩性能的对比试验研究,获得多孔混凝土抗收缩性能要优于普通混凝土,具有更好的抗裂性能,对于温度的变化表现出更强的体积稳定性。     

哈飞路宝正面碰撞安全性车身优化设计

针对哈飞路宝轿车车身设计的具体要求,建立了用于碰撞分析的整车车身结构简化有限元模型,并利用该模型对车身前部结构的几种设计方案进行了选择分析。利用计算机模拟技术对整车车身结构的有限元模型进行了模拟碰撞分析。模拟结果与实车碰撞试验结果的对比表明,所采用计算方法和模拟过程正确,提出的优化设计方案可以提高该轿车产品的被动安全性。     

轿车车内空腔声学模态试验研究

利用比利时Lms公司的Test_lab模态分析系统测量了某轿车车内空腔声学模态,采用Spectral Ac-quisition模块测量了声传递函数,用PolyMAX(最小二乘复频域法)分析方法进行了模态参数的识别。通过试验分析获得了该轿车车内空腔共鸣频率和三维模态形状。该方法为控制和降低轿车车内低频噪声提供了参考,为轿车车内空腔声学模态提供了简单易行的测试方法。     

Multi-objective optimization of quarter-car models with a passive or semi-active suspension system

A systematic methodology is applied in an effort to select optimum values for the suspension damping and stiffness parameters of two degrees of freedom quarter-car models, subjected to road excitation. First, models involving passive suspension dampers with constant or dual rate characteristics are considered. In addition, models with semi-active suspensions are also examined. Moreover, special emphasis is put in modeling possible temporary separations of the wheel from the ground. For all these models, appropriate methodologies are employed for capturing the motions of the vehicle resulting from passing with a constant horizontal speed over roads involving an isolated or a distributed geometric irregularity. The optimization process is based on three suitable performance criteria, related to ride comfort, suspension travel and road holding of the vehicle and yielding the most important suspension stiffness and damping parameters. As these criteria are conflicting, a suitable multi-objective optimization methodology is set up and applied. As a result, a series of diagrams with typical numerical results are presented and compared in both the corresponding objective spaces (in the form of classical Pareto fronts) and parameter spaces.     

Nonlinear three-dimensional wagon-track model for the investigation of rail corrugation initiation on curved track

A nonlinear wagon-track model on curved track has been developed to characterize rail corrugation formation due to self-excitation of the wheel-rail stick-slip process. In this model, wagon movements were described using up to 78 degrees of freedom (DOFs) to model a three-piece freight bogie. Innovatively, the wheelset movements are described using nine DOFs, including torsional and bending modes about the longitudinal and vertical directions. The track modelling is considered as a one-layer structure (two rail beams on discrete spring and damper elements). The wheel sliding after creepage saturation is considered in the wheel-rail interface modelling. Simulation of a case study shows that the frequencies of the wheel stick-slip process are composed of the basic frequency, which might come from the combined effect of sleeper-passing frequency and one-third of the combined torsional and bending frequency of the wheelset, and the double and triple basic frequencies, which form the wavelengths of rail corrugation at different situations.     

含水量对压实粘土的变形及强度性能的影响

通过室内压缩试验和直剪试验,研究了含水量对压实粘土的压缩变形与抗剪强度的影响,并从土体结构与土中基质吸力变化两个方面分析了作用机理。试验表明:随压实含水量增大,粘土的压缩变形增加、抗剪强度降低;粘聚力随压实含水量增加并非单调变化,其曲线形式类似于“”形;内摩擦角随压实含水量增加,大体上是减小的。压实粘土浸水饱和后,压缩变形显著增加,抗剪强度和粘聚力则显著降低。且压实含水量越小的土体在其他条件相同时,因饱和引起的压缩变形、抗剪强度和粘聚力损失较大,内摩擦角受浸水饱和的影响较小。