Advanced Control Methods for Automotive Applications

This paper reviews key developments in applications of advanced control methods to automotive systems. Such applications appear in many aspects of vehicle controls. We will examine representative application areas, which include engines, suspension systems, traction systems, steering systems and those for automated highway systems (AHS). Each area is examined from the viewpoint of modeling and control algorithm development. Useful control theories for automotive application are briefly reviewed for better understanding of the applicability of these theories.     

Damper Models for Heavy Vehicle Ride Dynamics

A laboratory rig for testing hydraulic dampers using the 'hardware-in-the-loop' method is described, and the accuracy of the test method is investigated. A mathematical model of a hydraulic shock absorber is then developed. The model is suitable for vehicle simulations and has seven parameters which can be determined by simple dynamic measurements on a test damper. The shock absorber model is validated under realistic operating conditions using the test rig, and the relative importance of various features of the model on the accuracy of vehicle simulations is investigated.     

Preview Control Algorithms for the Active Suspension of an Off-Road Vehicle

The potential performance improvement using preview control for active vehicle suspension was first recognized in the late nineteen sixties. All work done since that time has been based on optimal control theory using simple vehicle models.

In this article, the performance of quarter vehicle preview controllers when applied to a real off-road vehicle is simulated using both two degree of freedom quarter and ten degree of freedom full vehicle models. The results, which are compared with non-preview active and conventional passive suspensions, confirm that preview control reduces vertical acceleration of the body centre of gravity, which results in improved ride quality. Further, reductions in pitch and roll motion result from smaller vertical displacements of the vehicle quarters. Coupling between quarters, through the vehicle body, appears to have a smoothing effect on the control.

As an alternative to optimal control theory based controllers, a simple ad hoc preview controller based on isolating the vehicle body from dynamic loads transmitted through the suspension is proposed. Simulation results show that such a controller outperforms the optimal control theory based controllers over small discrete disturbances but responds poorly to disturbances encountered from other than steady state.     

Identification Methods for Vehicle System Dynamics

The paper presents a survey on parameter identification techniques for complex vehicle models. In order to cope with the complexity of the model, the information on the system available from the equations of motion has to be included in the identification process. Basic methods for the solution of this problem are shown. The application of the approach is demonstrated by identification of the vertical automobile dynamics. It is concluded that the presented techniques will become more important with increasing applications of theoretical modeling in vehicle system dynamics.     

The Geometrical Contact between Track and Wheelset

In previous publications the author has described a so-called first-order theory for the motion of a railway vehicle wheelset on a tangent track. In the present report the geometrical aspect of this theory is further evaluated and a method for solving the constraint equations between the coordinates of the wheelset is indicated.     

浅谈基础设施项目工程造价全过程管理

分析了基础设施项目建设管理过程中存在的问题,阐明了对基础设施建设造价进行全过程管理的意义。运用工程项目造价全过程管理理论,即全生命周期造价管理理论,对基础设施项目建设造价进行全过程管理,并且详细分析了从项目的前期决策阶段到项目的实施阶段进行造价管理的方法。     

桥梁美学设计及其进展

文中首先阐述了桥梁美学设计的必要性和重要性,然后论述了桥梁设计中的美学考虑,桥梁美学的发展,桥梁美学理论及美学设计的实现等等。     

公交导向发展策略研究及其在中国的应用

该文介绍了国外城市用地布局和交通系统特别是公交系统建设的相互影响的研究,以及在倡导公交导向的土地开发方面的策略及其应用。对我国城市实施TOD策略的现状及应用进行分析,提出适合我国城市发展的土地利用策略和交通体系。     

分体式箱梁桥荷载横向分布系数的设计计算方法

研究预应力混凝土分体式箱梁桥荷载横向分布系数的设计计算方法,对分体箱梁桥在活载作用下跨中主梁内力的横向分布进行有限元分析,通过与规范中查表法求出的结果相比较,提出2种算法的优缺点以及在实际工程中的应用价值。     

杭州湾大桥南岸超长栈桥钢管桩水平极限承载力分析

杭州湾大桥南岸超长栈桥钢管桩基础的水平承载力，是保障栈桥结构安全的关键因素之一。栈桥桥住处的风、浪、潮、冲刷等恶劣环境因素的不确定性，给栈桥的设计与施工带来了严峻的挑战。通过研究栈桥钢管桩基础的物理边界条件，探讨了水平极限承载力的判定准则，同时应用非线性桩土相互作用计算模型，进行了桩基水平承载力分析，从而评价了栈桥结构安全度。