An equivalent optimization problem for combined multiclass distribution,assignment and modal split which obviates symmetry restrictions

This paper presents a model for combined multiclass trip distribution, trip assignment and modal split. Although this model is based on an equivalent optimization problem, it avoids the symmetry restrictions heretofore always associated with such approaches to multiclass trip assignment. This is accomplished by expressing Wardrop's first principle as a set of nonlinear constraints in standard mathematical programming form. An algorithm is proposed, each iteration of which requires solving a nonlinear program with linear constraints.     

汽车原地转向阻力矩经验公式的计算比较

本文通过对汽车静止转向状态下汽车转向阻力矩常用经验公式的分析,介绍了常用的转向系统设计时选用的转向阻力矩公式,并引入汽车在实际测量转向阻力矩的计算。在此基础上,将两者进行计算比较,画图,最后得出实际测量的原地转向阻力矩小于原地转向阻力矩经验公式,应该提出新的方法进行汽车静态下转向阻力矩的计算公式,指出了原地转向阻力矩计算方向。     

路堤上运行的高速列车在侧风下的流场结构及气动性能

强侧风产生的气动力时高速列车的运行安全性有显著的影响。基于三维、定常、不可压N-S方程以及k-ε双方程湍流模型,采用有限体积法,对侧风作用下路堤上运行的高速列车进行数值模拟计算,所模拟的列车时速达350 km。通过分析侧风条件下列车周围的流场结构,得到了风速、车速与气动力之间的变化关系。研究结果表明,尽管所计算的列车外表几何形状简单,但其流场仍然非常复杂,列车背风侧将产生数个漩涡,漩涡的位置随车速、风速发生变化。车辆气动力随风速、车速的增加而逐渐增大。头车所受倾覆力矩最大,且其增长率也最大。     

地铁转向架构架动应力测试滤波频率的确定

文章结合上海地铁某转向架线路试验动应力测试结果,分析了典型信号的频率特性,对转向架动应力数据采用不同频率滤波,对滤波后的信号数据进行了比较,并结合采样定理提出了适用于地铁转向架荷载测试的滤波和采样频率。     

Spatial fisheries ecology: Recent progress and future prospects

We review recent progresses made in the study of fish distribution and survival over space — i.e., fisheries spatial ecology. This is achieved by first surveying the most common statistical approaches and relative challenges associated with the analysis of fisheries spatial data, loosely grouped in geostatistical and regression approaches. Then we review a selected number of case-studies implementing the discussed techniques. We conclude by proposing new areas of statistical and ecological research to further our understanding of how fish distribute and survive in space. This review serves a dual purpose by emphasizing the scientific importance of studying spatial interactions to better understand the temporal dynamics of fish abundance, and by promoting the development of new analytical and ecological approaches for the analysis of spatial data. Through our survey we cover different statistical techniques, marine ecosystems and life stages. This analytical, geographic and ontogenetic variety is also purposely selected to highlight the importance of comparative and multidisciplinary studies across diverging ecological disciplines, ecosystems and life stages. Besides having a general ecological relevance this review also bears a more applied significance, owing to the increasing need for protecting renewable marine resources along with their primary habitat.     

十年信息化建设构筑数字海事

2008年是中国海事局成立十周年,这十年是海事事业快速发展的十年,也是全国海事信息化建设快速发展的十年.     

铁道部关于公布《铁路路基工程预算定额》等二十九项定额标准的通知

铁建设[2010]223号2010年11月20日各铁路局,各铁路公司(筹备组),投资、集装箱公司:现公布《铁路路基工程预算定额》、《铁路桥涵工程预算定额》、《铁路隧道工程预算定额》、     

京沪高速铁路96m系杆拱桥施工关键技术

铁路下承式尼尔森体系钢管混凝土系杆拱桥,具有造型美观,建筑高度低,跨越能力强,外部静定结构,桥梁竖、横向刚度大,满足高速铁路高速、安全、平稳、舒适的运营要求。结合后八丁特大桥工程实践,介绍了膺架设计和搭设、系梁混凝土、拱肋、钢管混凝土、吊杆等方面施工工艺和方法,总结了施工中的注意事项,对类似工程具有较好的指导和借鉴意义。     

发动机螺纹接头先进设计和装配工艺的试验认证

利用钢螺栓的屈服载荷来设计螺纹接头,并使用屈服点控制拉伸力的拧紧工艺,是当今世界轻质小排量铝发动机工业最先进的技术之一.这种技术能提高接头可靠性,降低产品成本,缩短产品上市周期.