The commercialization of East European liner shipping: the experience of Poland

This paper will examine the impact of continuous and increasing change in the shipping sector of Eastern Europe with particular reference to the liner sector in Poland one of the more dynamic markets that has emerged since the political, economic and social changes of the late 1980s. Polish Ocean Lines, and in particular POL Levant, a relatively new, commercialized subsidiary operating in the private sector, are taken as case studies to assess the new structures that are emerging in the marketplace.     

川芎嗪对失血性休克再灌注损伤的保护作用

选用22只家兔，随机分为川芎嗪，SOD及生理盐水组，复制失血性休克／再灌注模型，观察了川芎嗪对休克／再灌注家兔血压、心率及血浆MDA、全血SOD和GSHpx活性的影响。发现休克后，所有动物血浆MDA升高，全血SOD和GSHpx活性降低。单纯生理盐水再灌注后，MDA更加升高，SOD和GSHPx活性更低。川芎嗪灌注后血浆MDA明显低于灌注前，类似SOD组，全血SOD和GSHPx活性亦较灌注前明显增高，提示川芎嗪可减轻缺血组织脂质过氧化反应，对失血性休克的细胞损伤起保护作用。     

Role of filtering and biodeposition by Adamussium colbecki in circulation of organic matter in Terra Nova Bay (Ross Sea, Antarctica)

At Terra Nova Bay, the scallop Adamussium colbecki (Smith, 1902) characterises the soft and hard bottoms from 20 to 80 m depth, constituting large beds and reaching high values of density (50–60 individuals/m²) and biomass (120 g/m² DW soft tissues). To assess its role in the organic matter recycling in the coastal ecosystem, its filtering and biodeposition rates were evaluated in laboratory experiments during the austral summer 1993/94. Filtration rates, measured in a flow-through system, were calculated from the difference in particulate organic carbon (POC), nitrogen (PON) and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration in inflow and outflow water. Experiments were performed using natural sea water with POC, PON and Chl-a concentrations of about 450 μg/l, 90 μg/l and 2 μg/l, respectively. The biodeposition rate and the biochemical composition of the biodeposits were studied in order to detect how the organic matter is transformed through feeding activity of A. colbecki. At +1°C temperature, the average filtering rate was about 1 l h⁻¹ g⁻¹ (DW soft tissues) in specimens ranging in body mass from 2 to 3 g (DW soft tissues) and 6–7 cm long. The biodeposition rate in 3–8 cm long specimens, ranging from 0.4 to 5.7 g (DW soft tissues), was about 5.65 mg DW/g DW/day, leading to an estimate of Corg flux, through biodeposition by A. colbecki, of about 21 mg C m⁻² day⁻¹ at in situ conditions. Comparison between the biochemical composition of seston and biodeposits shows a decrease of the labile compounds, of the Chl-a/phaeopigments ratio in the biodeposits. The recorded C/N ratio decrease suggests a microbial colonisation in the biodeposits. This study suggests that Adamussium colbecki plays an important role in coupling the material fluxes from the water column to the sea bed, processing about 14% of total Carbon flux from the water column to the sediments, with an assimilation efficiency of 36%.     

编者的话

今年一季度，在全球经济不景气等因素影响下，占汽车总销量30％左右的商用车市场继续低迷。目前这一市场受政策刺激较慢，受经济波动影响仍明显，形势不容乐观。1～3月商用车产销6926万辆和68．31万辆，同比下降438％和6．13％。     

应用Q-DAS CAMERA(R) Concept提升企业精益生产水平基于工业产品质量数据的绩效评价系统开发与运用

Q-DAS CAMERA(R) Concept持柔性和模块化应用,既可以应用于单个工作场所,也可为部门级、工厂级或区域级的综合系统提供解决方案.     

Transportation agencies experiences with decision support systems for airport ground access planning

This article reports on a field investigation into the ways that transportation agencies use quantitative and qualitative information for making strategic decisions regarding airport ground access. The study analyzes the value of this information for planning airport ground access improvements at seven major international airport sites.The major finding of the research is that quantitative modeling for strategic decision support is very difficult, costly and time consuming. Modelers are confident that the models are accurate and reliable but executives generally lack confidence in the results. Transportation officials believe that the information supplied is flawed by a number of defects that minimize its value for strategic decision makers. The information defects described in this article provide an analysis of the structural difficulty of using quantitative modeling for transportation problems of strategic importance. To date, qualitative information is not frequently used, but some transportation agencies are considering its application to designing transportation services. Although this study is limited to airport ground access, the authors feel that this evidence, in conjunction with the evidence from other studies in the transportation area, dictates a need for wariness in the development of decision support systems for transportation planners. Developers of decision support systems for transportation planners must be aware of modeling costs and defects and consider how to improve the timeliness, relevance and credibility of information quantitative models provide transportation executives. Fundamentally it is important to recognize that decision makers tend, either singularly or in concert with other individuals or groups, to be the champions of a long-term vision for the community. When modeling produces inconsistent or wide ranging results that contradict their position, decision makers may not only discard modeling activities, but lose confidence in the models altogether. As a consequence, transportation planners are faced with the challenge of how to improve quantitative modeling. The most reliable and effective means for improvement is incorporation of qualitative techniques which provide greater understanding of customer perceptions and human behavior.     

The economics of technological change in shipping

Management of technological change is among the most important problems in shipping management. Models representing the economic impact of technological change in shipping are presented and the use of technology productivity analysis as a method for effective management of technological change in shipping is proposed.     

一种扩展自相似分形序列图象编码方案

提出了一种扩展自相似分形（ＥＳＦ）序列图象编码方案，在此方案中，我们将分形静止图象编码中所利用的自相似性由２Ｄ扩展到３Ｄ，从帧内扩展到帧间，使分形拼贴图象与原始图象之间的误差大大减少，从而获得较高的信噪比和压缩比，编解码速度也较快，是一种比较实用的压缩方案。     

列车运行自动控制(ATO)算法的研究

通过分析列车自动控制算法所面临的问题，提出了具有自适应、智能化的列车自动驾驶算法及推理机结构。