混凝土桥墩施工期水化热及表面抗裂影响因素研究

为提高混凝土桥墩表面抗裂性能,对其施工期水化热及表面抗裂影响因素进行研究。选取尺寸为1.5m×1.2m×1.6m的重力式矩形混凝土桥墩,采用ANSYS建立有限元模型,对桥墩的水化热温度场与应力场、养护工艺及构件设计参数对水化热温度场及其表面开裂的影响进行分析。分析结果表明:混凝土桥墩水化热过程中,由于钢筋传热,对混凝土表面温度场及箍筋、纵筋相应位置混凝土表面应力场产生影响。采取养护措施对预防混凝土早期开裂效果较好,混凝土表面应力值比无养护约下降0.6 MPa。桥墩表面温度应力随混凝土保护层厚度增大而减小,随箍筋直径增大而增大,箍筋间距变化对其影响不明显。     

New approach for performing failure analysis of fuel cell-powered vehicles

Safety of hybrid-electric and fuel cell vehicles is a critical aspect of these new technologies, since any accident exposing occupants of such vehicles to unconventional hazards may result in significant setbacks to successful market penetration. Fuel cell and hybrid-electric drive systems are complex, and it is essential to perform a thorough analysis to determine critical failure conditions. There are several safety concerns for routine operation of such systems, particularly for hydrogen-fueled vehicles. A modified Failure Modes and Effect Analysis (FMEA) has been developed, along with a Criticality Analysis (CrA), to identify potentially hazardous conditions for crash and non-crash situations. A mathematical model of fuel cell operation has been developed and used here in conjunction with the FMEA. Component failures during the event modes are simulated using vehicle models developed with Matlab Simulink tools. Six simulation models were created using the software. In addition, a preliminary finite element model of a fuel cell vehicle, using a Ford Taurus (91′) model year sedan, has been developed and implemented. This finite element model is used as a demonstration of the crash simulation of the vehicle.     

Real-time queue length estimation for congested signalized intersections

How to estimate queue length in real-time at signalized intersection is a long-standing problem. The problem gets even more difficult when signal links are congested. The traditional input–output approach for queue length estimation can only handle queues that are shorter than the distance between vehicle detector and intersection stop line, because cumulative vehicle count for arrival traffic is not available once the detector is occupied by the queue. In this paper, instead of counting arrival traffic flow in the current signal cycle, we solve the problem of measuring intersection queue length by exploiting the queue discharge process in the immediate past cycle. Using high-resolution “event-based” traffic signal data, and applying Lighthill–Whitham–Richards (LWR) shockwave theory, we are able to identify traffic state changes that distinguish queue discharge flow from upstream arrival traffic. Therefore, our approach can estimate time-dependent queue length even when the signal links are congested with long queues. Variations of the queue length estimation model are also presented when “event-based” data is not available. Our models are evaluated by comparing the estimated maximum queue length with the ground truth data observed from the field. Evaluation results demonstrate that the proposed models can estimate long queues with satisfactory accuracy. Limitations of the proposed model are also discussed in the paper.     

Some errors in macroscopic traffic models based on car following models

The macroscopic traffic flow models developed from the car following models of Gazis et al. (1961) are shown to have a flaw in that they do not meet certain of the boundary conditions that researchers have said that they do. This does not affect many existing models but, nevertheless, should be cleared up.     

虚拟产品开发体系研究

虚拟产品开发是现实产品开发在计算机环境中的数字化映射,它将极大地缩短产品上市时间.本文提出了虚拟产品开发的定义和基于总线结构的虚拟产品开发体系结构,详细分析了虚拟产品开发的特点和核心内容,以层次结构描述了虚拟产品开发系统,并详细描述了其组成及运行机制.虚拟产品开发的特征表现为开放性、系统性、协同性、沉浸性和智能性.     

Method for obtaining the wheel–rail contact location and its application to the normal problem calculation through ‘CONTACT’

This work presents a robust methodology for calculating inter-penetration areas between railway wheel and rail surfaces, the profiles of which are defined by a series of points. The method allows general three-dimensional displacements of the wheelset to be considered, and its characteristics make it especially suitable for dynamic simulations where the wheel–rail contact is assumed to be flexible. The technique is based on the discretisation of the geometries of the surfaces in contact, considering the wheel as a set of truncated cones and the rail as points. By means of this approach, it is possible to reduce the problem to the calculation of the intersections between cones and lines, the solution for which has a closed-form expression. The method has been used in conjunction with the CONTACT algorithm in order to solve the static normal contact problem when the lateral displacement of the wheelset, its yaw angle and the vertical force applied in the wheelset centroid are prescribed. The results consist of smooth functions when the dependent coordinates are represented as a function of the independent ones, lacking the jump discontinuities that are present when a rigid contact model is adopted. Example results are shown and assessed for the normal contact problem for different lateral and yaw positions of the wheelset on the track.     

世界优秀跨栏运动员分栏时间与专项成绩灰色预测训练模型研究

运用文献资料和数理统计的方法,对世界优秀男子110 m跨栏运动员的分栏时间进行了综合分析,建立了专项成绩和分栏时间的训练模型。为世界优秀男子110 m跨栏运动员的训练提供理论参考。     

Prospects for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles in the United States and Japan: A general equilibrium analysis

The plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) may offer a potential near term, low-carbon alternative to today’s gasoline- and diesel-powered vehicles. A representative vehicle technology that runs on electricity in addition to conventional fuels was introduced into the MIT Emissions Prediction and Policy Analysis (EPPA) model as a perfect substitute for internal combustion engine (ICE-only) vehicles in two likely early-adopting markets, the United States and Japan. We investigate the effect of relative vehicle cost and all-electric range on the timing of PHEV market entry in the presence and absence of an advanced cellulosic biofuels technology and a strong (450 ppm) economy-wide carbon constraint. Vehicle cost could be a significant barrier to PHEV entry unless fairly aggressive goals for reducing battery costs are met. If a low-cost PHEV is available we find that its adoption has the potential to reduce CO₂ emissions, refined oil demand, and under a carbon policy the required CO₂ price in both the United States and Japan. The emissions reduction potential of PHEV adoption depends on the carbon intensity of electric power generation. Thus, the technology is much more effective in reducing CO₂ emissions if adoption occurs under an economy-wide cap and trade system that also encourages low-carbon electricity generation.     

基于C/S模式的分布式雷达情报传输系统的设计

针对目前雷达情报传输网中只能单向传输点迹和航迹情报,不能实现情报共享的问题,提出了基于C/S模式的分布式雷达情报传输系统的方案,用来实现多种情报的传输和共享,并对系统协议的选取和网络数据加密进行了分析.