模拟计算法在重型车辆燃油经济性标准中的应用研究

随着节能减排压力的日益严重,世界各国均开始制定重型车辆的燃油经济性标准。在对重型车燃油经济性的测量方面,模拟计算法由于操作简单、可重复性好、成本低的优点越来越受到行业的重视,在日本、中国和美国的标准中都得到了应用。本文在分析模拟计算法测量车辆燃油经济性的原理基础上,对比研究了日本、中国和美国标准中模拟计算法的应用情况,分析了各国在模拟计算法关键环节上策略的异同。     

Space enterprise strategy guiding-based study on project portfolio management and flow optimization

Project portfolio management (PPM) is the centralized management method, process and technology in multiple projects. When multiple projects in the space industry are implemented, it provides an effective methodology to resolve the problems at the same time such as conflicts among models, decrease in design efficiency, and increase in target deviation. Hence, a PPM dedicated to multiple projects management in space enterprise is presented in this paper. Firstly, an analysis of features and contents in space enterprise portfolio management mode is performed by using PPM based on its specific strategic characteristics. Then, the principle and selection methods of PPM are provided as a reference for the future development of an enterprise. Finally, a multiple-level organization architecture including decision making layers, function management layers and project execution layers is proposed so as to adapt to possible changes in the multiple projects and correspond to the strategic development. As a consequence, a perfect matching mechanism to fit the changes in PPM modes is reached. In addition, the flow chart of PPM is designed and optimized by analyzing the implementation procedure of strategic target and project portfolio life-cycle, which is expected to realize the purpose of improving space enterprise management efficiency, project management capacity, innovation development and economic benefits.     

机器人生产线在船舶智能制造中的应用研究

智能制造是“中国制造2025”的主攻方向。本文先浅谈了智能船厂，并结合国内首个智能船厂试点对智能船厂的初级发展建设等进行初步探索，主要对船舶智能制造机器人生产线应用进行梳理分析，如工艺流程及布置、生产模式改进、提质增效和人员减配等。     

浅谈FAS双中心建设及设备维护

重点分析了西安局集团公司由2K数调主系统组网更新改造为FAS双中心网络的建设方法,并根据日常维护经验,列举了调度台通道故障处理、FASB简易故障判断及计表倒换试验、FASA和FASB系统与MSC之间的业务故障处理等.     

剪力与拉拔力共同作用下焊钉受力性能分析

运用有限元软件ABAQUS,分别对焊钉单纯受剪力作用和拉剪组合作用下的受力性能进行非线性有限元分析,得到在不同拉力作用下焊钉的荷载-滑移曲线,进而分析结构的应力分布状态、破坏形式以及混凝土损伤等情况.研究结果表明:焊钉承受的拉拔力越大,焊钉就越早进入弹塑性阶段,焊钉的极限承载能力就越低.单纯受剪力作用的焊钉承载能力要优于拉剪共同作用下的焊钉,当拉拔力分别为0.2T_u、0.4T_u和0.6T_u时,焊钉的极限剪力值与单纯受剪相比分别下降了2.77%、11.66%和24.48%.焊钉拉剪极限承载力有限元计算值与Takami和McMakin的建议公式计算结果较为接近,能够反映焊钉的真实受力状况.本研究结果对全面了解焊钉在组合荷载作用下的受力性能具有重要的意义.     

无覆盖层条件下码头钻孔桩一体化施工技术

针对无覆盖层地质下钻孔灌注桩施工常用的满铺平台法和人造基床法存在成本高、工效低等问题，依托巴基斯坦中电胡布煤码头工程，提出基于桩顶支撑步履式顶推平台的钻孔桩一体化施工技术，实现恶劣海况和无覆盖层条件下钻孔桩高效施工。采用ANSYS软件对顶推平台施工全过程进行受力分析，研究施工过程的关键控制参数和计算方法。结果表明，桩顶支撑步履式顶推平台在不同荷载和工况组合下结构强度和刚度均能满足施工要求，为钻孔桩一体化施工提供了可靠的可移动平台基础。     

景观道路的设计实践——广阳岛环岛路设计

广阳岛环岛路的主要功能是服务性景观路,跟环岛滨江公园一起,共同构筑广阳岛的滨江景观带。尝试引进了国外的宁静化设计,尽可能推行最生态的工程做法,努力创造人与自然相和谐的环境,并竭尽全力地将这些构想付诸实施。为了实现以上目标,道路、交通、排水、结构、桥梁和电照专业,在景观专业的组织下,共同展开了这条景观路的设计尝试。     

Effect of interference fits on the fatigue lives of bolted composite joints

The effect of interference fits on the fatigue lives of bolted composite joints is investigated by conducting mechanical tests. Static and fatigue tests are carried out on specimens made of carbon-bismaleimide composites joined together as double-lap single-bolt joints. The bolts having interference fits ranging of 0 (neat fit), 0.5%, 0.75% and 1% are performed. The results demonstrate the relationship between fatigue life and different values of interference fits. After the fatigue tests, non-destructive evaluation (NDE) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) are used to observe the damage of the surrender and surface of the hole. The test results show that the interference fitted specimens have improved fatigue life compared to the neat fitted specimen. The NDE and SEM results reveal that the damage degree of interference fitted specimen is weaker than that for the neat fitted one.     

考虑横向漂移的船舶路径跟踪自抗扰控制

针对船舶运动系统中内部动态不确定和外部干扰等问题,进行了欠驱动船舶路径跟踪的自抗扰方法研究。利用Backstepping设计参考航向角,并通过线性扩张状态观测器对流干扰和横向运动引起的横向漂移进行估计。其次,根据自抗扰算法对航向进行控制,采用线性扩张状态观测器对外界干扰及内部不确定项进行估计。最后仿真结果表明,在风流干扰下所设计的控制器仍能使船准确地跟踪上参考路径,验证了所提控制方案的有效性。     

Steering short-term demand for car-sharing: a mode choice and policy impact analysis by trip distance

Transportation - Car-sharing could have substantial benefits. However, there is not enough evidence about if more people choosing car-sharing would reduce private car usage or public transport...