计算流体动力学(CFD)在配管中的应用

随着软件技术的发展,计算流体动力学(CFD)在炼油化工行业中得以应用。文中以计算流体动力学模拟软件FLUENT为例,详细描述了利用计算流体动力学方法优化分支配管结构,结果表明CFD方法能够科学直观地解决此类配管优化问题,有着广泛的应用前景。     

Foldable container in empty container repositioning in intermodal transportation network of Belt and Road Initiative: strengths and limitations

In 2013, the concept of the ‘Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road (Belt and Road)’ was initiated by the Chinese government, which involves Asian, European and African continents and their adjacent seas. Logistics plays a core role in such a large framework of economy and trade. In recent years, China, European Union, and Southeast Asia pay much attention to the design and development of the intermodal transportation network towards both economic and environmental efficiency. In this paper, we propose an empty container repositioning model in the intermodal transportation network of Belt and Road (B&R) Initiative by considering both standard and foldable containers. In this model, empty containers are repositioned from the inland of the original area, such as China, to other areas of B&R Initiative related countries and regions, such as European Union and Southeast Asia. We develop a mixed integer linear programming model to determine the optimal repositioning of empty containers via the intermodal transportation network. An Artificial Bee Colony algorithm is developed to solve large size problems in practice and numerical experiments are conducted to show the efficiency of our proposed algorithm. We provide managerial insights regarding the impact on the network performance of foldable containers transportation.     

Disaster prevention and strategic investment for multiple ports in a region: cooperation or not

With the growth of maritime transportation, seaports have become critical to the world economy as linking nodes between shipping and inland transport. However, the port system is fragile under certain unconventional emergency events. This study addresses the issue of investment on disaster prevention within the port competition context. The present model discusses and compares four situations of different relationships and strategies of pre-disaster prevention between two adjacent ports. Results indicate that both ports increase the disaster prevention investment under the cooperation scenario compared with that in the case of non-cooperation wherein they are complementary ports. Meanwhile, a numerical simulation is conducted to examine the collective and individual rationality of both ports. Although cooperation strategy decreases the total risk cost of two ports, one of the two ports may profit, whereas the other may suffer losses.     

A Pareto-improving hybrid rationing and pricing policy with multiclass network equilibria

This paper extends the work on Pareto-improving hybrid rationing and pricing policy for general road networks by considering heterogeneous users with different values of time. Mathematical programming models are proposed to find a multiclass Pareto-improving pure road space rationing scheme (MPI-PR) and multiclass hybrid rationing and pricing schemes (MHPI and MHPI-S). A numerical example with a multimodal network is provided for comparing both the efficiency and equity of the three proposed policies. We discover that MHPI-S can achieve the largest reduction in total system delay, MHPI can induce the least spatial inequity and MHPI-S is a progressive policy which is appealing to policy makers. Furthermore, numerical results reveal that different classes of users react differently to the same hybrid policies and multiclass Pareto-improving hybrid schemes yield less delay reduction when compared to their single-class counterparts.     

Effect of Seismic Parameters on the Safety Factor for an Underground Cavern北大核心CSCD

In order to quantitatively evaluate the safety of the surrounding rock of an underground cavern under seis-mic load, a comprehensive evaluation method for the stability of surrounding rock is proposed based on the general safety factor and point safety factor. A calculation method for the general safety factor of a cavern based on the prin-ciple of shear strength reduction of a rock mass is given, the run-through of the plastic zone between the main power-house and main transformer room is presented as a critical criterion for the overall instability of the cavern, and the general safety factor is obtained by searching for the reduction coefficient. A point safety factor calculation method based on the Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion is given. The influence of different seismic input parameters on the general safety factor of the cavern and the point safety factor of key positions are studied based on an underground power-house cavern of a hydropower station in Southwest China. The results show that the quantitative evaluation method for the stability of the surrounding rock based on the safety factor is feasible and can reflect the general safety de-gree and local safety degree of different positions of the cavern for different working conditions. It is found that the general safety factor of the cavern and the point safety factor of key positions decrease with an increase of the ampli-tude and duration of a seismic wave while they increase with an increase of the incident angle; additionally, the low frequency of a seismic wave has a great influence on the cavern while the high frequency has little effect. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

不同因素对潜堤波浪传播的影响

针对波浪穿过梯形潜堤时的波浪形态沿程变化问题,以梯形潜堤为研究对象,通过二维水槽试验,研究梯形潜堤上规则波的传播特征。以比波高为参数分析不同波浪要素(波高、周期和水深等)对波浪传播变形的影响。试验结果表明,其他条件不变时,入射波高越大、波浪周期越小、堤顶淹没水深越小时,波高在潜堤上方衰减越明显。在有足够水深,且波高较小时,波浪对潜堤均有良好的穿透性;波高较大时,波浪在潜堤上部发生破碎,波浪穿过潜堤后波高衰减,此时潜堤的消波作用明显;在波浪不发生破碎情况下,较长周期波浪在潜堤顶部比波高增大,且出现双峰值。     

洋山深水港西港区岸线功能规划调整

为满足洋山深水港生产营运需要,有关部门希望保留颗珠山—蒋公柱潮流汊道,这与总体规划布置不一致。为此需进行深水港西港区岸线功能规划调整研究。考虑到汊道的颗珠山一侧潮流具有岬角绕流型特点,而蒋公柱一侧有岬角环抱型特点;在此认识基础上针对多种岸线方案进行试验。试验结果表明,采用岸线优化方案后,可以保持甚至改善汊道内和已建港区潮流条件。从水流角度看,采取合理的岸线布置和适当的工程措施后,保留和开发利用颗珠山—蒋公柱潮流汊道是可行的。     

桩-土-承台相互作用的有限元简化模型

针对低桩承台结构计算中往往只考虑桩土作用,忽视承台与土相互作用的问题,通过工程实例,建立考虑桩-土-承台相互作用的低桩承台有限元简化模型,分析桩间土的承载作用对承台和桩内力的影响。结果表明:在简化模型中考虑桩间土的承载作用后,承台弯矩和桩基轴力可减少35%～40%;桩身弯矩和剪力主要受水平力和土体m值影响;桩基轴力随地基土基床系数的增大而逐渐减小,但减幅逐渐趋缓。     

复合动力超长续航无人艇系统的设计与实现

为实现无人艇在海上追踪、搜救、巡逻、反潜等任务中的超长续航,避免因油料限制而被迫任务中断,设计了一套以风能、太阳能为动力的无人艇系统,利用风帆为无人艇推进,太阳能为船上电控设备提供电能。该系统由无人艇和岸基监控平台组成,无人艇可通过python开发的数据采集模块和算法模块实时采集环境数据、计算、生成并下达控制指令,在风区内可超长续航自主航行,实现全风向利用;岸基监控平台可实时监控无人艇状态,并进行自主/遥控模式切换。对系统进行了测试,通讯连接试验的可靠性高;无人艇航行试验验证了全风向自主航行的可行性,运行轨迹与仿真结果基本重合;太阳能供电分析理论上验证了风区超长续航的可实现性。     

某型科考船多波束基座安装技术研究

全海深多波束是科考船重要的声学设备之一,安装在船体底部平坦区域,用于全海洋海底地形和地貌探测。多波束系统庞大、结构复杂、基座安装精度要求高。文中结合某科考船实际多波束加装工程,立足于基座高精度安装需求,从基座设计、建造和现场安装等三个方面对多波束基座安装技术展开讨论。总结得出的相关工序、工法等满足该船多波束基座的高精度安装要求,有力保障了该项目的顺利实施,并可为类似船型相关设备的设计、安装提供参考。