长江中下游洲滩守护工程概化模型试验研究﹡

为了研究洲滩守护工程的护滩效果及工程实施后局部冲刷坑形态,以长江下游较为典型的洲滩守护工程为例,采用大比尺局部动床概化物理模型试验方法,对鱼骨型间隔式护滩带工程进行了试验研究。根据工程及试验具体情况,详细分析了该试验方法的可行性,并给出了鱼骨型护滩带方案的试验结果。结果表明,该试验方法不但能够较方便地比选不同平面布置的工程方案之间的护滩效果,同时可得到局部冲刷坑的形态参数,对工程设计有较好的指导意义。     

区域性城际轨道交通客流预测方法研究

分析了区域性城际轨道交通规划与传统交通规划方法的差异,提出了城际轨道交通客流的特点,以及以影响范围、交通小区划分、交通方式分担、诱增客流、时间价值为要点的区域性城际轨道交通客流预测方法。     

新加坡地铁环线C824标段失事后的修复重建(二)——修复重建方案的实施

Nicoll Highway坍塌事故发生后,在进行事故原因分析调查的同时,修复方案的比选与论证工作也在同步进行.经过对原位和改线两种方案综合比较,最终选定改线修复.修复工作于2005年1月正式启动,目前已全部竣工.改线修复方案的主要项目包括新的盾构始发井和接收井、区间盾构隧道、新的Nicoll Highway车站.以及新老隧道的对接等.文章重点对修复工作的一些技术难点与风险以及实施情况进行扼要介绍.这些技术要点主要涉及:对深埋隧道管片的切割清理、新老隧道的对接、JMM深层地基加固,以及盾构机在车站内整体牵引平移等等.     

GSM-R智能网动态语音组呼业务的探讨

语音组呼业务在铁路调度通信中发挥着重要的作用,但是它存在一些缺陷,不能完全满足实际需要.本文针对这些缺陷做了阐述,并根据铁路调度通信的特殊需要提出了一种新的动态语音组呼业务,对其业务原理、实现过程和实现方式进行了研究与探讨,为今后在铁路上的应用提供参考.     

基于矢量阵的鲁棒自适应舰船噪声检测算法研究

稳健Capon波束形成算法直接将自适应对角元加载因子的计算与导向矢量的误差联系起来,易于实际操作,避免了其他算法计算加载量时的随意性。文章针对长线阵声纳检测近距离快速移动目标时观测数据不充分的问题,提出了一种基于矢量阵的改进稳健Capon波束形成算法。算法对数据矩阵进行奇异值分解,避免了求取不满秩的协方差矩阵,且减少了运算量及存储量。该算法对导向向量失配不敏感,且能有效地对快速移动的目标进行方位估计。最后通过仿真结果和海试试验数据处理验证了算法的有效性。     

Projecting travelers into a world of self-driving vehicles: estimating travel behavior implications via a naturalistic experiment

Automated driving technologies are currently penetrating the market, and the coming fully autonomous cars will have far-reaching, yet largely unknown, implications. A critical unknown is the impact on traveler behavior, which in turn impacts sustainability, the economy, and wellbeing. Most behavioral studies, to date, either focus on safety and human factors (driving simulators; test beds), assume travel behavior implications (microsimulators; network analysis), or ask about hypothetical scenarios that are unfamiliar to the subjects (stated preference studies). Here we present a different approach, which is to use a naturalistic experiment to project people into a world of self-driving cars. We mimic potential life with a privately-owned self-driving vehicle by providing 60 h of free chauffeur service for each participating household for use within a 7-day period. We seek to understand the changes in travel behavior as the subjects adjust their travel and activities during the chauffeur week when, as in a self-driving vehicle, they are explicitly relieved of the driving task. In this first pilot application, our sample consisted of 13 subjects from the San Francisco Bay area, drawn from three cohorts: millennials, families, and retirees. We tracked each subject’s travel for 3 weeks (the chauffeur week, 1 week before and 1 week after) and conducted surveys and interviews. During the chauffeur week, we observed sizable increases in vehicle-miles traveled and number of trips, with a more pronounced increase in trips made in the evening and for longer distances and a substantial proportion of “zero-occupancy” vehicle-miles traveled.     

Influence of Light Distribution and Installation Style of Luminaires on Power Consumption and Lighting Effect of Tunnel Lighting北大核心CSCD

Light distribution (LD) and installation style of luminaires affect the utilization factor (UF) of luminaires, and the UF affects the luminaire power and road pavement illuminance and further the power consumption of illu- minating system and the luminous effect of road pavement. An UF model of tunnel lighting was established based on the luminaire LD data and installation parameters, in which four LD styles were adopted. For each LD the parame- ters optimization and simulation were conducted regarding four installation styles, e.g. central style, offset-of-vault style, symmetric style and staggered style. The energy-saving and the lighting effects of each LD and luminaire in- stallation style at the tunnel middle zone were studied. The results show that symmetric luminaire installation is the most energy-saving style and has the best lighting effect than the other three luminaire installation styles; the lighting effect of central luminaire installation is the second best; staggered luminaire installation is the most energy-intensive style and has the worst lighting effect except for some special-shaped LD; waterdrop-shaped LD is the most suitable one along transverse direction of tunnel and applicable to the central, offset-of-vault and symmetric luminaire instal- lation styles; symmetric butterfly-shaped LD is the most suitable one along longitudinal direction of tunnel and appli- cable to the central, offset-of-vault, staggered and symmetric luminaire installation styles; with waterdrop-shaped LD along transverse direction and symmetric butterfly-shaped LD along longitudinal direction, they are suitable for the above four luminaire installation styles, and have better energy-saving and lighting effect; as for the LD with symmetric and oblique curve, it’s better for the profile of oblique luminaire distribution to be comply with that along tunnel transverse direction, and it is suitable for the symmetric and offset-of-vault luminaire installation styles. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

潜艇舱室火灾后的大气监测需求研究

针对潜艇舱室火灾后的大气监测需求,利用材料火灾释放特性试验数据,结合火灾废气组分对人员的健康危害,筛选出火灾后需要重点关注的大气监测组分对象。研究表明,火灾中主要释放5种浓度高且危害性大的气体,分别为二氧化碳、氮氧化物、一氧化碳、氰化氢和二氧化硫。在开展火灾后的大气监测时,可根据火灾类型,从上述5种组分中筛选监测对象,从而在满足人员生存的同时,提高监测效率,降低工作强度,减少应急呼吸系统使用时间。相关研究对我国开展密闭环境火灾后的大气监测方案研究具有指导意义。     

Development of port service network in OBOR via capacity sharing: an idea from Zhejiang province in China

The ‘Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road’ (One Belt One Road, OBOR) strategy initiated by the Chinese government has a significant impact on the business and logistics modes which involves Asia, Europe, Africa, and their adjacent seas. Many countries and ports are developing new strategies that are suitable for this economic environment. Compared with many ports in the world, the ports in Zhejiang province of China have a novel property. In addition to Ningbo-Zhoushan port, there are several other sea ports and river ports in that province. In this paper, we propose a concept of port service network that consists of a huge hub and multiple ports. Ports of small and medium sizes can share their capacities of different types of port service with the hub when the service capacities are integrated into the network. We develop a mixed integer nonlinear programming model to determine the optimal decisions in such a network with constraints on the budget to conduct integration. An optimization algorithm incorporated with a genetic algorithm is developed to solve large size problems. We provide managerial insights on the policies of government, including expanding port capacity, reducing fixed integration cost, and providing better financial condition.     

基于多维多项式混沌展开法的船舶不确定性优化设计

以船舶不确定性优化设计为对象,分析考虑多个随机变量对优化目标和约束的影响,提出一种基于多维多项式混沌展开法(PCE)的船舶不确定性优化设计,并将其应用于散货船工程优化实例中,保证船舶的稳健性和可靠性。