Occupant injury risk analysis at NASS/CDS database

Injury information for vehicle occupants from the body regions of the head, thorax, abdomen, and upper and lower extremities, due to the restraints and interior parts of the vehicle, were extracted from the 2009 ~ 2012 NASS/CDS database. For those cases with high occurrence frequency, a detailed and comprehensive data analysis was performed to find the relationship between the accident, occupant, vehicle, and injury data. A numerical frontal impact sled model with the Hybrid III dummy and the GHBMC human body model was constructed to simulate and identify those injury risks according to NASS/CDS. Among the 5,734 injuries to the aforementioned body regions from frontal crashes are, listed by frequency of occurrence, the lower extremity (27.8 %), upper extremity (21.3 %), thorax (15.1 %), face (10.9 %), spine (8.7 %), head (7.3 %), and abdomen (6.9 %). The main injury sources to the head were the windshield, side structure, and steering wheel. For the thorax and abdomen they were the seat belt and steering wheel. For the lower extremity it was the instrument panel. The main injury patterns for the head were the concussion and the contusion. For the thorax they were vessel laceration and lung contusion. For the abdomen they were laceration and contusion of the organs. For the lower extremity they were bone fracture and ligament rupture. The steering wheel and seat positions were main factors affecting head and thorax injury risks. From the sled impact simulation, high injury risks of the head and thorax were assessed respectively at conditions of steering column tilt down and rear most seat position, which correlated well with the findings from the NASS/CDS data analysis.     

Integrated approach to an optimal automotive timing chain system design

Ensuring engine efficiency is a crucial issue for automotive manufacturers. Several manufacturers focus on reducing the time taken to develop and introduce brand new vehicles to the market. Thus, a synergic approach including various simulations is generally adopted to achieve a development schedule and to reduce the cost of physical tests. This study involved proposing a design process that is very useful in the preliminary development stage through effective support from simulations. This type of simulation-based design process is effective in developing timing chain drives; the use of this process, based on results from multiple trials, showed improvements in performance including low friction and vibration, improved durability, and cost-effective part design when compared to conventional processes. This study proposes an integrated approach to the preliminary design of an automotive timing chain system. The approach involves structural and dynamic analyses. The details of the design process are described by using the case of a virtual engine. This study conducted and summarized a dynamic and structural analysis as well as topological optimization to describe a process to obtain optimal results. The results of this study indicated the following improvements in overall performance factors: 12.1 % improvement in transmission error, 10.1 % reduction in chain tension, 46 % reduction in tensioner arm weight, and 11 % reduction in transversal displacement.     

单边索斜塔钢-混凝土结合梁斜拉桥塔梁根部应力分析

采用板 (壳 )、梁及三维实体单元相结合 ,对长沙市浏阳河洪山庙大桥塔梁根部区域进行空间有限元分析。分析表明 :主梁根部过渡段钢箱梁及混凝土的应力满足规范的限值要求 ,行车道板的剪力滞效应明显 ,徐变对主梁应力的分布影响显著 ;塔根部混凝土在施工过程及运营阶段均处于全截面受压状态 ,与试验结果相比较 ,吻合良好     

一座特大桥主桥的病害及处理

介绍了主跨为80m的多跨预应力混凝土变截面连续箱梁主桥的病害情况及加固处理，本桥加固成功开创了在维持通车情况下在箱内浇注大批量混凝土配合体内束加固多跨中等跨径连续梁桥的先例，为国内同类型桥梁的加固设计与施工积累了实践经验。     

公路建设项目法人激励模型研究

项目法人在公路项目建设中起着举足轻重的作用 ,其经营水平、工作绩效的高低直接关系到项目建设期三大控制目标的实现和企业的长远发展。利用委托～代理激励理论研究了项目法人制下的项目经营者激励模型 ,以期促进和完善现代项目企业制度 ,提高项目经营者自身及企业经济效益水平。     

大型购物中心诱增交通量预测方法研究

近年来，随着人们生活水平的提高和消费观念的改变，shopping mall正在中国越来越热。shopping mall由于体量庞大，它的建设无疑会对城市道路交通体系产生较大的影响。本文在对北京mall交通影响分析实践的基础上，根据购物(休闲娱乐)出行需求的特点，提出了大型购物中心诱增交通量预测的思路，并重点阐述了商圈分析法和非集计模型在诱增交通量预测中的应用，取得了较好的效果。     

辽宁省东部山区公路边沟设计降雨重现期的确定

本文分析了现行公路排水规范在设计降雨重现期方面规定的不足之处,结合辽宁省东部山区的实际降雨资料,经过计算和分析,得出了符合辽宁省东部山区公路自身特点的设计降雨重现期.     

人宫颈癌FHIT基因的表达改变与HPV16感染的关系

目的探讨FHIT基因表达改变和HPV16感染与人宫颈癌发生的关系。方法采用反转录-巢式聚合酶链反应方法测定5种人宫颈癌细胞株(SiHa、HeLa、RJC-1、CS1213、C4-1)和58例宫颈癌组织与18例正常宫颈对照中FHIT mRNA的表达;回收7例FHIT基因不同的转录扩增产物,纯化后进行DNA测序;PCR技术检测组织中HPV16型的感染状况。结果SiHa、HeLa和C4-1宫颈癌细胞中有FHIT基因转录异常;宫颈癌组织中39例(67.2%)存在FHIT基因异常表达,显著高于正常对照组0例(0%)(P<0.05);37例(63.8%)有HPV16感染,显著高于正常对照组1例(5.0%)(P<0.05)。宫颈癌组织中有HPV16感染患者的FHIT基因表达异常数(30/37)显著高于HPV16未感染的患者(9/21),二者之间存在相关性(P<0.01);FHIT基因的异常表达和HPV16的感染与患者的年龄、临床分期、肿瘤直径、病理分级及是否伴淋巴结转移无相关性(P>0.05)。序列分析发现FHIT基因转录本主要存在不同程度的外显子的缺失,以第5位和第6位外显子的缺失为主,未见未知序列的插入和点突变。结论FHIT基因在人宫颈癌组织中的异常表达率明显增高,且与HPV16的感染有关,这些改变可能在人宫颈鳞癌的发生中起着重要作用。     

旧水泥混凝土路面再生利用的试验研究

结合实际工程要求,将旧水泥混凝土路面破碎成5~40mm的再生集料,选用2种外加剂进行了C35再生混凝土的配制试验.研究结果表明,在所设计的配合比下,再生混凝土的流动性和体积密度相对较小,凝结时间和含气量均在可控范围之内.再生混凝土具有较好的力学性能和抗渗性能,但抗冻性能尚需进一步研究和提高.     

基于通用有限元程序对T梁进行结构分析研究

在某已架设好的6片预应力40m简支T梁上运输68t重的箱梁,为计算主梁承载能力是否能满足要求、确保安全,基于SAP 2000对该结构空间梁格和空间板壳模型进行分析．同时详细介SAP 2000在桥梁结构分析中的具体应用,可为同类结构的分析提供参考。