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Most routing protocols for sensor networks try to extend network lifetime by minimizing the energy consumption, but have not taken the network reliability into account. An energy-aware, load-balancing and fault-tolerant routing scheme, termed as ELFR was propsed to adapt to the harsh environment. First a network robustness model was presented. Based on this model, the route discovery phase was designed to make the sensors to construct into a hop-leveled network which is mesh structure. A cross-layer design was adopted to measure the transmission delay so as to detect the failed nodes. The routing scheme works with acknowledge (ACK) feedback mechanism to transfer control messages to avoid producing extra control overhead messages. When nodes fail, the new healthy paths will be selected locally without rerouting. Simulation results show that our scheme is much robust, and it achieves better energy efficiency, load balancing and maintains good end-to-end delay. 相似文献
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Dongrun Liu Tianpei Cao Dong Chen Yupu Xiong 《Vehicle System Dynamics: International Journal of Vehicle Mechanics and Mobility》2018,56(2):173-189
Assessment of the vibration of high-speed trains negotiating complex sections of terrain under strong wind conditions is very important for research into the operation safety and comfort of passengers on high-speed trains. To assess the vibration of high-speed trains negotiating complex sections of terrain under strong wind conditions, we performed a field measurement when the train passes through typical sections of complex terrain along the Lanzhou–Xinjiang high-speed railway in China. We selected the lateral vibration conditions, including the roll angle and lateral displacement of car-body gravity centre through two typical representative sections (embankment–tunnel–embankment and embankment–rectangular transition–cutting) for analysis. The results show that the severe car-swaying phenomenon occurs when the high-speed train moves through the test section, and the car-body lateral vibration characteristic is related significantly to the state of the terrain and topography along the railway. The main causes for this car-swaying phenomenon may be the transitions between different windproof structures, and the greater the scale of the transition region between different windproof structures or landform changes, the more obvious the car-swaying phenomenon becomes. The lateral vibration of the car-body is relatively steady when the train is running through terrain with minor changes in topography, such as the windbreak installed on the bridge and embankment, but the tail car sways more violently than the head car. When the vehicle runs from the windbreak installed on the embankment into the tunnel (or in the opposite direction), the tail car sways more intensely than the head car, and the head car runs relatively stable in the tunnel. 相似文献
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两车道公路黄土隧道变形规律 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
依托国道主干线GZ35青岛至银川高速公路陕西境内吴堡至子洲沿线上7座单洞两车道分离式黄土隧道, 现场测试了隧道施工变形, 并对测试结果进行了回归分析。分析结果表明: 台阶法施工过程中黄土隧道拱部沉降远大于净空收敛; 黄土隧道变形大致经历了急剧变形阶段(开挖初期)、持续增长阶段与缓慢增长阶段; 黄土隧道的变形规律符合对数函数规律, 由于对数函数具有发散性, 故无法由此预估围岩的最终位移, 围岩变形将长期处于缓慢增长状态; 按照规范规定的最终速率值预估二次衬砌施作时机不符合工程实际要求, 不能保证隧道围岩和支护结构的稳定和施工安全, 因此, 在黄土隧道的施工中, 需要以控制拱部的沉降来控制隧道的变形。施工中必须秉承“快挖、快支、快封闭”的原则, 采取加强初期支护, 增设锁脚锚杆, 仰拱和二次衬砌边墙基础紧跟, 二次衬砌适时施作的措施, 避免拱部围岩发生过大的沉降, 确保隧道结构稳定。 相似文献
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供应链管理为造船企业提供了新的管理思想与方法。本文分析了现代造船供应链的特点,根据现代造船企业自身的特点,提出了现代造船企业实施供应链管理的主要方向和途径,为现代造船企业提高管理水平提供了参考。 相似文献
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该文结合新冠肺炎疫情期间开展的两起海事调查工作,分析了在特殊情况下开展远程海事调查工作的必要性和可行性,总结了远程海事调查工作的优缺点及其适用的局限性,最后根据工作实际,对远程海事调查的应用提出了几点思考和建议. 相似文献