Three-dimensional numerical simulation of splat formation on substrates in plasma spraying

Plasma sprayed coatings are built up by the accumulation of splats formed by the impacting, spreading and solidifying of molten droplets on the substrate. A three-dimensional computational model including heat transfer and solidification is established to simulate the formation process of a single splat using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software, FLUENT. The fluid flow and energy equations are discretized and solved according to typical finite volume method on an unstructured grid. A volume of fluid (VOF) tracking algorithm is used to track the droplet flow with free surface. In order to understand the splat formation mechanism, the process of splat formation caused by impacting and spreading of a molten nickel droplet on a polished mild steel surface is simulated. On this basis, the simulations of impact of a molten droplet on substrate with different conditions including the surface morphology, thermal conductivity, initial temperature of the substrate and the thermal contact resistance are presented. The results clearly show the effect of those parameters on the shape of the final splat and splash behaviors.     

A selection scheme for optimum number of cooperative secondary users in spectrum sensing

An optimization scheme for choosing the optimum number of secondary users in cooperative spectrum sensing based on the cyclostationary feature detection with Neyman-Pearson criterion is proposed in this paper. The optimal soft combination test statistic for the cooperative spectrum sensing based on cyclostationary feature detection is derived according to the generalized likelihood ratio test and its corresponding detection performance is deduced. A target function, considering two important parameters as the resource use efficiency and the number of samples employed by each cooperative secondary user in the system design, is constructed to obtain the optimum number of cooperative secondary users. It can be found that the selection scheme is to make a tradeoff between the system complexity of the cognitive radio network and the global sensing performance of the cooperative spectrum sensing.     

Automatic product image classification with multiple support vector machine classifiers

For the task of visual-based automatic product image classification for e-commerce, this paper constructs a set of support vector machine (SVM) classifiers with different model representations. Each base SVM classifier is trained with either different types of features or different spatial levels. The probability outputs of these SVM classifiers are concatenated into feature vectors for training another SVM classifier with a Gaussian radial basis function (RBF) kernel. This scheme achieves state-of-the-art average accuracy of 86.9% for product image classification on the public product dataset PI 100.     

External equality and absolute equality coincide in finite CCS and <Emphasis Type="Italic">π</Emphasis> calculus without summation

External equality and absolute equality are defined model independently by Fu. It is interesting and important to know whether these two equalities coincide or not. There are some results in Fu’s paper for this issue. It is relatively easy to prove the coincidence if the summation operator is in the language, otherwise it is harder. In fact Fu proposed it as an open problem whether the two equalities coincide in some languages without summation. In this paper, the proofs of the coincidence in finite CCS and π calculus without summation are given.     

Reputation-based collaborative spectrum sensing scheme in cognitive radio networks

Collaborative spectrum sensing is proposed to improve the detection performance in cognitive radio (CR) networks. However, most of the current collaborative sensing schemes are vulnerable to the interference of the malicious secondary users (SUs). In this paper we propose a reputation-based collaborative spectrum sensing scheme to improve the security of cooperative sensing by mitigating the impacts of misbehaviors. The fusion center calculates the reputation rating of each SU according to their history reports to weight their sensing results in the proposed scheme. We analyze and evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme and its advantages over previous schemes in expansibility and integrity. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can minimize the harmful influence from malicious SUs.     

Development and application of thermal mathematical model of iron ore pellet bed in grate

Based on the analysis of heat transfer mechanics, physical and chemical change of pellet drying and preheating process in grate, the mathematical model is established and solved by three-diagonal matrix algorithm. With Visual Basic 6.0 a simulation software is developed. The model is verified by measurements at a domestic pellet plant, and the temperature distribution of pellet bed is gained. Meanwhile, the influence of different operation parameters on the pellet thermal process is studied. The results can be taken as a basis of practical production control and the grate optimizing design.     

西江长洲枢纽库尾段采砂工程对航道通航水流条件的影响

西江航道桂平航运枢纽—长洲水利枢纽之间存在约34 km的水位未衔接段,而大藤峡水利枢纽建设选取的江口料场位于长洲枢纽库区回水末端和上游附近滩段。为研究库尾段采砂工程对上游通航水流条件的影响,须同步考虑上游来水和下游库区回水的变化,建立桂平三江口上游黔江河段16 km和桂平枢纽—长洲枢纽约156 km的长河段二维水流数学模型,分析采砂工程对航道通航水流条件的影响。结果表明,采砂工程实施后上游桂平航运枢纽引航道水位降落0.09 m,布岭沙弯道凸岸侧边滩挖除引起主流一定左偏。整体上,除设计流量外,库尾段采砂工程对航道水流条件影响较小。     

基于纸纤维改性的隧道工程透水砂浆性能研究北大核心CSCD

为提出一种适用于隧道初期支护基面找平并且具有一定透水性能的砂浆,将纸纤维加入砂浆试块中对其性能进行改性。通过分析纸纤维的降解原理,并将不同掺量的纸纤维加入砂浆试块中,对其体积密度、吸水率、抗压强度等基本性能指标及微观结构进行测试和分析。由试验结果可知:在碱性环境中,纸纤维具有可降解的性能特点;纸纤维可以使普通砂浆试块的吸水率提升2~3倍,同时也会造成砂浆试块的体积密度和抗压强度降低;对砂浆试块吸水率和抗压强度进行线性拟合后发现其吸水率和抗压强度呈现负相关关系。研究结果表明,通过纸纤维对砂浆进行透水性能的提升是可行的,但是纸纤维掺量对砂浆其他性能的影响还有待进一步研究。     

Time-variant ultimate longitudinal strength of corroded bulk carriers

Many bulk carrier losses have been reported of late, and one of the possible causes of such casualties is thought to be the structural failure of aging hulls in rough weather. In aging ships, corrosion and fatigue cracks are the two most important factors affecting structural safety and integrity. This paper uses a set of the time-dependent corrosion wastage models for 23 different member locations/categories of bulk carriers previously developed by the authors, based on the available corrosion measurements for existing large bulk carrier structures. Differences due to the location and corrosion severity of every member type are taken into account. The nominal design corrosion values for the primary members are suggested based on the annualized corrosion rates obtained in the present study. The effect of time-variant corrosion wastage on the ultimate hull girder strength as well as the section moduli is studied. The criteria for repair and maintenance of heavily corroded structural members so as to keep the ultimate longitudinal strength at an acceptable level are discussed. Important insights and conclusions developed are summarized.     

Asymptotic field of mode Ⅱ dynamic growing crack in visco-elastic material

A mechanical model of visco-elastic material is established in order to investigate viscous effect in dynamic growing crack-tip field of mode Ⅱ. It is shown that in stable creep growing phase, elastic deformation and viscous deformation are equally dominant in the near-tip field, the stress and strain have the same singularity, namely, (σε) ∝r^-1/(n-1). The asymptotic solutions of separatied variables of stress, stain and displacement in crack-tip field are obtained by asymptotic analysis, and the results of numerical value of stress and strain in crack-tip field are obtained by shooting method. Through numerical calculation, it is shown that the near-tip fields are mainly governed by the creep exponent n and Mach number M. By the asymptotic analysis to the crack-tip field, the fracture criterion of mode Ⅱ dynamic growing crack of visco-elastic materials is put forward from the point of view of strain.