Protective effect of glutamine pretreatment on ischemia-reperfusion injury of spinal cord in rabbits

Objective To investigate the effect of glutamine (Gln) on the content of reduced glutathione hormone (GSH) and aminoglutaminic acid (Glu) of spinal cord following ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods Totally 40 healthy adult male rabbits were randomly divided into five groups: sham-operation group (S group), ischemia-reperfusion injury group (I/R group), low-dose glutamine group (L Gln group), median-dose glutamine group (M Gln group) and high-dose glutamine group (H Gln group). After glutamine preconditioning, the model of spinal cord ischemia-reporfasion injury was established according to Zivin's method. The general status of animals was observed and the changes of Jacobs scoring were recorded in each group. Malondialdehydes (MDA), GSH, Glu and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in lumbar spinal cord tissues were determined using chemical colorimetry. The neuron number and deviation rate in spinal cord anterior horn were observed histopathologically. Results There was no significant difference between L Gin group and I/R group in behavior scoring, SOD activity, content of MDA and Glu, neuron number and deviation rate of spinal cord (P>0.05); however, there was a significant difference in GSH content of spinal cord (P<0.05). M Gln group and I/R group differed significantly (P<0.05) in behavior scoring, SOD activity, content of MDA, Glu, GSH, neuron number and deviation rate of spinal cord. Between H Gln group and M Gln group, there was no significant difference in behavior scoring, content of MDA and Glu, SOD activity, neuron number and aberration rate in spinal cord (P>0.05), whereas there was a significant difference in SOD activity and Giu content (P<0.05). Conclusion Pretreatment with medium-dose glutamine has a protective effect on spinal cord ischemia-reporfasion injury in rabbits, which may be related to the maintenance of GSH content, increase of SOD activity and reduction of MDA.     

高速公路沥青混凝土路面早期坑槽性破坏的预防

对高速公路沥青混凝土路面早期坑槽性破坏的外观现象、诱发原因做了较详细的论述,并提出了预防措施.     

Fuel economy comparison of conventional drive trains series and parallel hybrid electric step vans

A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is a vehicle that combines a conventional propulsion system with an on-board rechargeable energy storage system to achieve better fuel economy than a conventional vehicle HEVs do not have limited ranges like battery electric vehicles, which use batteries charged by an external source. The different propulsion power systems may have common subsystems or components. The objective of this study is to compare the fuel economies of a conventional step van, a series hybrid electric step van (HESV), and a parallel HESV by calculating the fuel consumption using the ADVISOR software by NREL. We also showed the results of the vehicles in different driving cycles including the Central Business District bus cycles, the New York City Cycle, and the US EPA City and Highway cycles.     

Reliability-based sensitivity analysis of vehicle components with non-normal distribution parameters

Techniques from the perturbation method, fourth moment method, reliability-based design theory, and sensitivity analysis approach are employed to present a practical and efficient method for testing the reliability sensitivity of vehicle components with non-normal distribution parameters. With the condition that the first four moments of original random variables are known, the reliability sensitivity theory and cases are researched using the presented numerical method. The variation regularities of reliability sensitivity are obtained and the effects of design parameters on reliability of the vehicle components are studied. The sophisticated formulation provided in this paper is easily amenable to computational procedures. The respective program can be used to obtain the reliability sensitivity of vehicle components with non-normal distribution parameters accurately and quickly. The results obtained are perfect and the solutions compared very well with those from Monte Carlo simulation. The method presents a theoretic basis for the reliability design of the vehicle components.     

Analysis of a regenerative braking system for Hybrid Electric Vehicles using an Electro-Mechanical Brake

The regenerative braking system of the Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) is a key technology that can improve fuel efficiency by 20∼50%, depending on motor size. In the regenerative braking system, the electronically controlled brake subsystem that directs the braking forces into four wheels independently is indispensable. This technology is currently found in the Electronic Stability Program (ESP) and in Vehicle Dynamic Control (VDC). As braking technologies progress toward brake-by-wire systems, the development of Electro-Mechanical Brake (EMB) systems will be very important in the improvement of both fuel consumption and vehicle safety. This paper investigates the modeling and simulation of EMB systems for HEVs. The HEV powertrain was modeled to include the internal combustion engine, electric motor, battery and transmission. The performance simulation for the regenerative braking system of the HEV was performed using MATLAB/Simulink. The control performance of the EMB system was evaluated via the simulation of the regenerative braking of the HEV during various driving conditions.     

Grain refinement in bearing steels using a double-quenching heat-treatment process

A double-quenching (D/Q) process is proposed for heat-treating high carbon-chromium bearing steels to improve the fatigue properties through refinement of the microstructure. The new heat treatment method has two steps: The first step is a nitrocarburizing process that results in high surface hardness and lowers the transformation temperature. The second step is the same as in the conventional quenching process but can be conducted at a considerably lower temperature than in conventional quenching. The microstructure in the material that is caused by the D/Q heat treatment is much finer than in the conventional Q/T (quenching and tempering) process. In order to quantify the performance of the proposed heat-treatment process, various mechanical property tests are carried out. The rolling contact fatigue life of double-quenched bearing steels was eight times higher than in bearing steels that were treated by conventional Q/T.     

基于线框模型的白车身刚度定性仿真

提出一种参数化白车身线框几何模型的构建方法,基于此线框模型快速建立白车身刚度计算有限元模型,实现了概念设计阶段白车身刚度的定性评价.以某白车身为例,计算了概念设计阶段定性仿真模型与详细设计阶段定量仿真模犁的弯曲刚度和扭转刚度.计算结果表明,概念设计阶段和详细设计阶段的弯曲刚度与扭转刚度值均在相差10%左右.     

基于统计能量分析方法的轿车车内噪声仿真研究

阐述了统计能量分析方法的基本理论,在此基础上建立了轿车的统计能量分析模型,并进行了仿真计算.从噪声影响因素、板件声辐射贡献以及传递路径3个方面对仿真结果进行了分析,找出了影响汽车噪声的主要因素和声辐射贡献最大的板件,并提出相关减振降噪措施.通过试验结果和仿真结果的比较,验证了统计能量分析方法在预测车内噪声方面的正确性.     

差动助力转向系统离线仿真验证

根据电动轮汽车前轮独立驱动的特点,提出了一种针对电动轮汽车的新型助力转向方式--差动助力转向.首先讨论其基本原理及结构并应用Matlab/Simulink建立了整车和转向系模型,接着给出了旨在减小参考转向手力与实际转向手力差值的左右转向轮的驱动转矩分配的控制策略,以及转向轮辅助回正控制算法.最后进行离线数字仿真,结果表明对于前轮独立驱动的电动车,所提出的差动助力转向系统既满足了转向轻便和驾驶路感良好的基本要求,又改善了转向轮回正性.