On the algorithms of adaptive neural network-based speed control of switched reluctance machines

AbstractA switched reluctance machine(SRM)drive is a time-varying,strongly nonlinear system.High performance control can no longer be achieved by using linear techniques.This paper describes the back-propagation (BP)neural network-based proportional-integral-derivative(PID)speed control of the SRM.It’s the interest of this paper to explore the utilization of the prior empirical knowledge as guidance in the initializing and training of the neural networks.The purpose is to make the networks less sensitive on the initial weights.Two modified algorithms are presented and simulation experiments show some interesting findings about their control effects and their corresponding sensitivity on the initial weights of the networks.     

3D Numerical simulation of non-isothermal resin transfer molding filling process using unstructured tetrahedron mesh

We present a numerical formulation for resin flow based on the concept of quasi-steady state situation at the flow front. To be fit for complicated product shapes, we use the four-node unstructured tetrahedron mesh based on which the numerical formulation of temperature and degree of cure is developed. The validity of our method is established in the case where flexible meshes are used. The results show that the numerical procedure, tested on known data, provides numerically valid and reasonably accurate predictions.     

Modeling and simulation of fuel cell hybrid vehicles

A comprehensive procedure for mathematical modeling and validation of a fuel cell hybrid vehicle (FCHV) is presented in this paper. The subsystems are modeled based on lab testing and in-field vehicle testing results from the Tongji University Start prototype vehicle. An FCHV-SIM (fuel cell hybrid vehicle simulation) model is then developed based on the experimental data. Model validation results confirm that the FCHV-SIM model is reasonably accurate and suitable for model-based control development.     

Age and cross-cultural comparison of drivers’ cognitive workload and performance in simulated urban driving

Driving demands significant psychomotor attention and requires even more when drivers are engaged in secondary tasks that increase cognitive workload and divert attention. It is well established that age influences driving risk. Less is known about how culture impacts changes in attention. We conducted parallel driving simulations in the US and Korea to measure the extent to which age and culture influence dual-task performance. There were 135 participants divided into two groups: a younger group aged 20∼29, and an older group aged 60∼69. Whereas some differences by culture appeared in absolute control measures, the younger participants showed similar mean velocity and compensatory patterns associated with increased cognitive load in the urban setting; however, the results from the older samples were less similar.     

Accelerated life prediction of fillet-type,gas-welded joints

In this paper, in order to save time and cost for the fatigue design and to develop the optimum approaches for accelerated life prediction of the fillet gas welded joints, the (Δσ)_R − N_f relationship was obtained from actual fatigue test data, including welding residual stress. Based on these results, the (Δσ_a)_R − (N_f)_ALP relationship derived from the method of statistical probability analysis was compared with the actual fatigue test data. From the result, the optimum statistical distribution for the accelerated life prediction was analyzed to be the lognormal distribution for the fillet-type, gas-welded joint. The mean accuracy of the accelerated life prediction was assessed to be 85∼95% of the actual test life at the 95% reliability level and ±15% standard deviation. Therefore, it is expected that the accelerated life prediction will provide a useful method for determining the criterion for fatigue design and for predicting a specific target life.     

Effect of cetane enhancer on spray and combustion characteristics of compressed ignition type LPG fuel

This research investigated the spray and combustion characteristics of compressed ignition type LPG fuel when a cetane number enhancing additive was applied to a constant volume chamber. Because LPG has a lower cetane number, DTBP and alpha olefin were added to the LPG (100% butane) to enhance the cetane number and viscosity. By adding the cetane enhancer, stable combustion over the wide range of the ambient conditions was possible as well. According to the blending rates of DTBP and alpha olefin, various proportions of LPG blended fuels were obtained. In a constant volume chamber, a high speed digital camera was also employed to visualize the combustion characteristics of LPG fuel. The combustion pressures and heat-release rates of the LPG blends were also compared at various ambient pressures. As the results of measurements of exhaust emissions, CO and HC were reduced considerably, but CO₂ was increased by blending LPG with DTBP and alpha olefin.     

Emissions simulation in a 7000 kg-grade diesel hybrid electric vehicle

Hybrids combine a combustion engine with an electric motor and battery. The two technologies can be combined to reduce fuel consumption and exhaust emissions. This paper presents the concept of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) applied to truck or van vehicles with diesel engines. The simulation results from the advanced vehicle simulator (ADVISOR) demonstrate that the required power may be properly shared between the internal combustion engine and electric motor. The simulation can also be used to prove that the technique is useful for improvements in driving performance; additionally, the technique is suitable for hybrid electric vehicles, allowing for good fuel economy and low emissions performance.     

Effect of the number of fuel injector holes on characteristics of combustion and emissions in a diesel engine

The diesel combustion process is highly dependent on fuel injection parameters, and understanding fuel spray development is essential for proper control of the process. One of the critical factors for controlling the rate of mixing of fuel and air is the number of injector holes in a diesel engine. This study was intended to explore the behavior of the formation of spray mixtures, combustion, and emissions as a function of the number of injector hole changes; from this work, we propose an optimal number of holes for superior emissions and engine performance in diesel engine applications. The results show that increasing the number of holes significantly influences evaporation, atomization, and combustion. However, when the number of holes exceeds a certain threshold, there is an adverse effect on combustion and emissions due to a lack of the air entrainment required for the achievement of a stoichiometric mixture.     

Development of the Sungkyunkwan University Driving Simulator (SKUD) for Human-Machine Interface studies of Car Navigation Systems

Driving simulators are useful tools that can be used not only to test the components of future cars, but also to evaluate the telematics service and HMI (Human-Machine Interface). However, driving simulators that are currently available cannot be implemented to test and evaluate a real commercial telematics service system because the GPS (Global Positioning System), which contains basic functional support for the telematics module, does not work in the VR (virtual reality) environment. A driving simulator, together with the GPS simulator, can be used to study the HMI to evaluate commercial CNS (Car Navigation Systems). In this paper, Sungkyunkwan University Driving Simulator (SKUD) is developed with a GPS simulator that is able to emulate GPS satellite signals and includes the NMEA-0183 protocol and RS232C communication standards. Furthermore, using the SKUD, the HMI of the real commercial CNS could be investigated with driver workload assessment methods.     

宝森林

他总是快得像一道光线,掠过她三叉戟的天窗,投下片刻光阴的恍惚,然后离开,干干净净。