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791.
C. Asensio J.M. López R. Pagán I. Pavón M. Ausejo 《Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment》2009,14(5):360-366
One of the most difficult and expensive tasks in making noise pollution maps is the collection and processing of the data needed to create acoustic models. In the case of road traffic noise maps, obtaining speed data for light and heavy vehicles a problem that has usually been avoided by using a road’s speed limit or by making assumptions based on experience from similar road types. Here global positioning systems-based techniques are applied for acquiring vehicle speed data and adapted to fulfill the requirements of noise prediction models. 相似文献
792.
In this paper, we propose the theory of Rational Beliefs as the model of expectations that extends the theory of rational expectations to the postulated environments. Under the rational beliefs paradigm, drivers do not have structural knowledge of traffic conditions and they choose their routes based only on personal experiences and decision‐making rules. We found that if drivers have different decision‐making rules and experiences, then they form different beliefs of traffic conditions (e.g. average travel time) even though they have the same public information and use the same routes. Under the rational beliefs model, drivers are not motivated to renew their beliefs because the beliefs are compatible with their experiences. Therefore, the heterogeneity of beliefs does not disappear even though they have long‐term learning. In order to investigate how drivers form their beliefs of traffic conditions under bounded information environments, numerical experiment is carried out. 相似文献
793.
The relationship between land use and intrazonal trip making behaviors: Evidence and implications 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper addresses the relationship between land use, destination selection, and travel mode choice. Specifically, it focuses on intrazonal trips, a sub-category of trip making where both trip origin and trip destination are contained in the same geographic unit of analysis, using data from the 1994 Household Activity and Travel Diary Survey conducted by Portland Metro. Using multinomial logit and binary logistic models to measure travel mode choice and decision to internalize trips, the evidence supports the conclusions that (1) intrazonal trips characteristics suggest mode choice for these trips might be influenced by urban form, which in turn affects regional trip distribution; (2) there is a threshold effect in the ability of economic diversity/mixed use to alter travel behavior; and (3) greater emphasis to destinations within the area where an individual’s home is located needs to be given in trip distribution models. 相似文献
794.
Neural networks offer a potential alternative method of modelling driver behaviour within road traffic systems. This paper explores the application of neural networks to modelling the lane-changing decisions of drivers on dual carriageways. Two approaches are considered. The first, preliminary approach uses a prediction type of neural network with a single hidden layer and the back propagation learning algorithm to model the behaviour of an individual driver. A series of consecutive time-scan traffic patterns, which describe the driver's environment and changes over time as the selected vehicle travels along a link, are input to the neural network, which then predicts the new lane and position of the vehicle. Training data are collected from a human subject using an interactive driving simulation. The trained neural network successfully exhibited the rudiments of driving behaviour in terms of lane and speed changes. A major disadvantage of this approach was the difficulty in recording real-life data, which are required to train the neural network, for individual drivers. The second approach concentrates specifically on lane changing and makes use of a learning vector quantization classification type of neural network. Input to the neural network still consists primarily of time-scan traffic patterns, but the format is changed to facilitate the possibility of data acquisition using image processing. The neural network output classifies the input data by determining the new lane for the vehicle concerned. Performance in both testing and training was very good for data generated by the rule-based driver-decision model of a microscopic simulation. Performance in testing was less satisfactory for data taken directly from a road and highlighted the need for extensive data sets for successful training. 相似文献
795.
Currentmeter data taken in the Ibiza Channel show the almost permanent presence of near-inertial motions below the mixed layer. They correspond to downwards progressing waves with a vertical group velocity of some m/day. The presence of the Balearic Front sensibly affects the propagation of these inertial waves. Although situations exist in which the passage of atmospheric fronts along the Channel is clearly the generating force of these near-inertial motions we find others in which the energy density in mid-depths is higher than in any other depth. These last situations are closely related to the arrival to the Channel of some of the different water masses which flow around there. A clear correspondence between the presence of relatively strong inertial waves and a noticeable vertical shear of the subinertial flow, evidenced by an averaged Richardson number, is also observed. In some circumstances, the vertical shear of the whole flow (inertial plus subinertial) is higher than the stability limit, that is, Ri < 0.25, favoring the braking of the internal waves. This could be a plausible cause of their decay and a reason to explain why they do not penetrate further than certain depths. 相似文献
796.
David A. Evans H. Spencer Banzhaf Dallas Burtraw Alan J. Krupnick Juha Siikam?ki 《Transportation》1994,21(2):229-230
Contributors to this issue 相似文献
797.
J.R.Wright 《铁道机车车辆工人》2001,(9):24-28
过去10年,美国环境保护机构已经对铸造工厂施加了更大的压力,以迫使他们减少废弃物的排出.
在金属铸造业,废砂占到整个铸造业废弃物总量的近70%.每生产1 t铸件,大约平均要用363kg砂,这就意味美国铸造工业每年大概要产出700~800万t废砂. 相似文献
798.
In this paper we describe the shift in membership of the Marine Engineers' Beneficial Association (MEBA), the major us marine engneer labour union, and the problems asssociated with this change. The problematic nature of this change is examined by describing the changing membership of MEBA: demonstrating a relationship between the occupational socialzation of members prior to entering the union and their behaviour as members; and by explaining how the actions of MEBA led to the creation of the problem and the policy it implemented to alleviate the sitution. Data are gathared from participant observation, interviews with union officials and marine engineers. Implications for the formation of sentient groups are discussed. 相似文献
799.
J. Venkatesan G. Nagarajan R. V. Seeniraj R. Murugan 《International Journal of Automotive Technology》2010,11(3):317-322
Mathematical simulation is the process of designing a model of a real system and then conducting experiments with the simulation
to understand the system’s behavior. Mathematical simulation is widely used for investigating and designing compressors, and
with a minimal number of simplifying assumptions, mathematical models can be used in conjunction with modern computing tools
to solve complicated problems. A considerable amount of previous research has focused on the mathematical modeling of reciprocating
air compressors used in automotive braking. The aim of the present work was to experimentally validate the mathematical model
for such compressors. We present a simplified and effective mathematical model for estimating compressor performance, and
this model can easily be executed using personal computers. Parameters such as compressor speed, discharge pressure and clearance
volume were evaluated in terms of their effect on the thermodynamic behavior of compressors. The model can predict cylinder
pressure, cylinder volume, cylinder temperature, valve lift and resultant torque at different crank angles; it can also predict
the free air delivered and the indicated power of the compressor. Therefore, the model has been validated using experimental
results. 相似文献
800.
T. Ciobotaru D. Frunzeti L. Jäntschi 《International Journal of Automotive Technology》2010,11(2):167-172
This paper presents a method for analyzing epicyclic gearboxes by evaluating the speeds, torques and power of the external
elements in epicyclic gear mechanisms, as well as the total ratios of the gear box. The method is based on the equations that
describe each epicyclic gear mechanism and rules that assign appropriate codes to the external elements. The method emphasizes
how power flows are transmitted through the epicyclic gears, as well as power losses. Analysis of an epicyclic gear box is
performed to illustrate the proposed method. 相似文献