Les systèmes de vélos en libre-service expliquent-ils le retour du vélo en ville ?

Many French and European cities have developed a bike sharing system since 2005. This policy may be explained in a great part by the success of the Velo??v in Lyon, which contributed to improve the image of cycling in the city. If bicycles, however, appear to find a new place in the city, one can wonder whether this is really due to bike sharing systems? What are the real uses of bicycles in contemporary cities, with or without such a system? To answer these questions, the paper starts with a literature review on bicycle in the city, to draw lessons from recent experiences of bike sharing systems. It then discusses the two cases of Lyon and Lille, which never had a bike sharing system on its own. The evolution of bicycle use is measured with a comparison of household transportation surveys in Lyon (1995 and 1998) and Lille (1998 and 2006). In both cities, the analysis reveals a rise in the proportion of healthiest citizens among urban bikers, as well as a return of bikes in dense areas. Bike sharing systems are part of such tendencies. They support them, but should not become a panacea for policies supporting bike use in the city.     

日本新干线高速铁路发展历程及其文化特征研究

作为世界上第一条高速铁路,日本新干线一直以高速便捷、安全舒适享誉业界,其独特的铁路文化也对全球高铁的发展产生了深远影响。通过回顾新干线的发展历程,着重从技术文化、生态文化、人性关怀和企业文化四方面总结其铁路文化特征,旨在学习和借鉴新干线的成功经验。     

Further study on the ultimate strength analysis of spherical pressure hulls

From a comparative study it is concluded that current design rules for the spherical pressure hull of manned submersible need to be updated and unified. In this paper, a series of spherical pressure hulls are calculated by nonlinear FEM. Based on these numerical results, the influence of critical arch length and the relationship of ultimate strength with t/R and structural imperfection are studied. Finally, empirical formulae for the ultimate strength of the titanium alloy spherical pressure hull of deep manned submersible based on numerical computations are given. The formulae can be used as the core equations to update current design rules.     

生物法处理生活污水脱氮除磷效果分析

通过对铁道部无锡干部培训基地（以下简称培训基地）的生活污水的生物法处理效果观察，探析兼氧／好氧生物处理系统的脱氮除磷原理并对影响处理效果因素进行分析。     

高速列车通信网的技术及其在机车车辆上的应用

高速、安全和舒适是旅客列车发展的方向。列车通信网在高速列车中是必不可少的。本文从拓扑结构、信息特征、介质访问形式、可靠性措施和列车初运行等五个方面分析了列车通信网的技术特点,及其在机车车辆上的具体应用。     

Development and Evaluation of a High Voltage Supply Unit for Electrorheological Fluid Dampers

Controllable dampers using electrorheological (ER) fluids have attracted considerable interest in recent years. They are proposed for use in semi-active suspensions for ground vehicles. The main advantages of ER fluid dampers are their fast response, ease of control, simple construction and low power requirements. This paper describes the development and testing of a high-voltage supply unit for modulating the damping force of an ER fluid damper. Experimental results on the vibration isolation characteristics of an ER fluid damper with different control strategies, obtained using a quarter-car model test rig, are also presented.     

Effect of Connecting the Front and Rear Air Suspensions of a Vehicle on the Transmissibility of Road Undulation Inputs

Airsprings have been used for vehicle suspensions over the last 40 years. They are mostly used as independent suspensions. Analysis of air springs available in literature is mostly limited to a single-degree-of-freedom system or a two-degrees-of-freedom system only in the translation mode. This paper deals with a model of a vehicle where the front and the rear springs are connected by a capillary tube. A two-degrees-of-freedom model having motion in bounce and pitch mode is presented. Equations of mass flow are linearized on the assumption of small variations in volume and pressure. Expressions for the transmissibility and the phase angle in the bounce and the pitch mode are derived. Road inputs to the front and the rear axles are assumed to be identical except for a phase difference between them. The effect of the capillary flow coefficient and that of the phase angle between the front and the rear axle excitation are studied. It is shown that an optimum value of the capillary flow coefficient exists which minimizes the transmissibility of motion in both modes over the entire frequency range. It is also observed that a phase angle of 180 degrees presents ideal transmissibility characteristics. Thus, a promising application of air springs for a vehicle suspension is presented.     

转辙机表示缺口监测装置

转辙机表示缺口位置的调整一直是电务维修作业的重要内容。当道床变化或轨道位移时，转辙机表示缺口位置将会改变，如不及时调整道岔，则会导致检查柱无法落人缺口，道岔无法给出表示信息，影响行车安全。由上海铁大电信设备有限责任公司研制的转辙机表示缺口监测装置，可24h监测缺口位置。当缺口偏移到临界位置时，监测装置将给出预警信号，通知电务工作人员及时维修，此时表示杆尚能落下，信号能正常开放，     

基于船舶报数据的蒸发波导条件下雷达探测距离的计算

本文研究了海洋蒸发波导条件下如何利用船舶报数据对雷达的探测距离进行计算,通过所需海区和时间段有效的历年船舶报气象信息得到大气折射率剖面,再利用抛物型方程计算出电磁波传播单程损耗,接着利用雷达方程得到目标的传播损耗门限,最后得到所需海区和时间段的雷达对目标的最远作用距离.实测结果表明,此方法是可行的.     

城市道路平面交叉口的改善对策及探讨

城市道路平面交叉口在城市道路网中居于核心地位,也是交通事故最集中的地方。针对城市道路平面交叉口出现的问题,该文从平面交叉口的几何构造、渠化、交通控制、行人过街安全等方面介绍了平面交叉口的改善措施,并结合实例进行探讨,以提高交叉口的通行能力。