极端复杂地质条件下TBM隧道施工关键技术研究及应用北大核心CSCD

大瑞铁路高黎贡山隧道、引汉济渭秦岭隧洞、滇中引水香炉山隧洞等工程的相继开工建设,使富水破碎极软地层带来的TBM卡机、高地应力极硬岩地层带来的岩爆等TBM施工问题日益凸显。文章首先对比阐述了国内TBM隧道工程建设过程中常遇到的软弱破碎、极硬花岗岩等典型不良地质及其对TBM掘进所带来的影响,在总结分析辽西北供水、引松供水、引洮供水等工程建设过程中出现的隧道局部塌方、TBM卡机等案例及其影响因素的基础上,以极端复杂地质条件TBM掘进关键技术为对象进行了系统研究论述,结果表明:(1)超前地质预报技术是TBM施工应对极端复杂地质的重要手段,但目前尚无法对前方中远距离地质状况进行准确量化预测;基于微震监测分析结果,根据可能发生的轻微、中等、强烈等不同等级的岩爆,制定对应处置措施;节理发育、炭质板岩、断层破碎带等不同软弱破碎地层,应采取针对性的防卡机措施,同时可根据不良地质段的长度来选择合适的脱困方案;(2)TBM推力、推进速度、刀盘转速及扭矩等掘进参数的异常波动,是表征掌子面前方地质条件状态的重要指标,TBM掘进前,根据前期预判的全断面硬岩、软弱破碎等围岩条件,分别选择合适的掘进参数;TBM掘进过程中,应基于掘进参数异常变化,纠正地质条件预判并采取对应的调控措施,进而确保TBM处于最佳掘进状态;(3)针对既有TBM难以适应现有地质条件的情况,以引洮供水隧洞、引红济石隧洞、引汉济渭隧洞等工程为例,对TBM改造技术进行了分析论述。最后,针对极端复杂地质条件下的TBM隧道工程建设新问题及其应对措施进行了展望与探讨。     

岩溶隧道排水管结晶堵塞试验与数值模拟研究北大核心CSCD

为实现岩溶区隧道排水系统堵塞过程的精准刻画和预警防控,开展了与现场1∶1等比例的排水系统堵管室内试验,探讨了仿真现场水动力、水化学和干湿循环条件下管道结晶沉淀量的变化规律,构建了考虑水动力和碳酸盐岩组分溶解-沉淀化学反应耦合驱动过程的数值模型,结合室内试验数据,对所建立的隧道排水管结晶堵塞模型进行验证。模拟结果表明,随着时间的推移,模拟值与试验观测值之间的误差逐渐减小,至15 d左右,二者拟合决定系数R2为0.67,证明在相对较长时间尺度下,所构建的数值模型在一定程度上能够较好地预测隧道排水管道内的结晶生成过程,模型能为隧道排水系统堵塞问题的防治提供理论指导,进而为岩溶隧道地质灾害的早期识别与安全评价提供保障。     

Investigation on the rudder force of a ship in large drifting conditions with the MMG model

Journal of Marine Science and Technology - The rudder force, including interference with a ship hull in large drifting conditions, is investigated in this study by captive model tests using a ship...     

Logistics as a driving force for development under the Belt and Road Initiative – the Chinese model for developing countries

ABSTRACT

An important objective of “the Belt and Road Initiative” is to promote the economic growth of countries in the region. China’s successful development experience, proposed in the initial stage of reform, can be summarised as “Looking for development, building the highway first”. This study is the first to evaluate whether logistics infrastructure has indeed contributed to economic growth by employing an error correction model with panel data from 2003 to 2014. In addition, we compare the influence levels of different sectors of logistics infrastructure in different regions, i.e. developed and developing regions. We focus on developing regions as they represent good development experiences for developing countries in the Silk Road Economic Belt. For developing regions, we find that the most influential factors are telecommunication and airway transportation, which should be the foci of attention in order to promote economic growth and reduce inter-region economic inequalities. The research confirms that logistics is indeed a driving force for economic growth in China, and that the contributions of specific sectors can be a useful reference for developing countries to determine prioritisation of investment in different logistics sectors across regions.     

Lateral controller design for an unmanned vehicle via Kalman filtering

This paper proposes a lateral control system for an unmanned vehicle that is designed to improve the responsiveness of the system with the use of a PD control. The vehicle heading error can be stabilized, and the transient response characteristics can be improved using the proposed controller. A mathematical model of the vehicle dynamics using two degrees of freedom was developed for the controller design. The waypoint tracking method for autonomous navigation was tested with incorporation of the Point-to-Point algorithm with position and heading measurements received from GPS receivers via Kalman filtering. The performance of the designed controller was verified through experiments with a real vehicle.     

Simulation of the vertical bending fatigue test of a five-link rear axle housing

This study seeks a practical method for simulating the vertical bending fatigue test of the BANJO housing of a five-link rear axle. Linear static and transient dynamic finite element models are constructed for the rear axle in which the rubber bushings and the bearings of the axle shafts are reasonably modeled with solid and shell elements, respectively, for simplicity. The calculated results are compared with the measured strain histories, and the results indicate that the finite element models constructed are reasonable. The hypothesis of equal fatigue damage is applied to determine the Hainan proving ground driving life prediction that is equivalent to the constant amplitude fatigue life in the vertical bending fatigue test.     

Computational model for analyzing the kinematics and compliance characteristics of a commercial vehicle’s front suspension system

This paper develops a computational model that can analyze the kinematics and compliance characteristics of the front suspension of a commercial vehicle. This computational model is called the flexible multi-body dynamic model because it is developed by interfacing the finite element model of the multi-leaf spring with the dynamic model of the front suspension. In this paper, the bump mode and roll mode tests are performed with a suspension parameter measuring device (SPMD). An excitation load for creating the bump mode and roll mode motion is applied on the left and right tires slowly in in-phase and out-of-phase modes. In the test, wheel rate, toe angle change, caster angle change, and camber angle change, which together represent the wheel alignment, are measured along with the longitudinal and lateral wheel center loci which together represent the wheel center trajectory change. The reliability of the developed computational model is verified by comparing the simulation results with the SPMD test results. The developed flexible multi-body computational model will provide useful information on kinematics and compliance characteristics in the earliest stages of the commercial vehicle design process.     

Design optimization of an injection mold for minimizing temperature deviation

The quality of an injection molded part is largely affected by the mold cooling. Consequently, this makes it necessary to optimize the mold cooling circuit when designing the part but prior to designing the mold. Various approaches of optimizing the mold cooling circuit have been proposed previously. In this work, optimization of the mold cooling circuit was automated by a commercial process integration and design optimization tool called Process Integration, Automation and Optimization (PIAnO), which is often used for large automotive parts such as bumpers and instrument panels. The cooling channels and baffle tubes were located on the offset profile equidistant from the part surface. The locations of the cooling channels and the baffle tubes were automatically generated and input into the mold cooling computer-aided engineering program, Autodesk Moldflow Insight 2010. The objective function was the deviation of the mold surface temperature from a given design temperature. Design variables in the optimization were the depths, distances and diameters of the cooling channels and the baffle tubes. For a more practical analysis, the pressure drop and temperature drop were considered the limited values. Optimization was performed using the progressive quadratic response surface method. The optimization resulted in a more uniform temperature distribution when compared to the initial design, and utilizing the proposed optimization method, a satisfactory solution could be made at a lower cost.     

Exhaust nanoparticle emissions from internal combustion engines: A review

This paper reviews the particle emissions formed during the combustion process in spark ignition and diesel engine. Proposed legislation in Europe and California will impose a particle number requirement for GDI (gasoline direct injection) vehicles and will introduce the Euro 6 and LEV-III emission standards. More careful optimization for reducing particulate emission on engine hardware, fuel system, and control strategy to reduce particulate emissions will be required during cold start and warm-up phases. Because The diesel combustion inherently produces significant amounts of PM as a result of incomplete combustion around individual fuel droplets in the combustion zone, much attention has been paid to reducing particle emissions through electronic engine control, high pressure injection systems, combustion chamber design, and exhaust after-treatment technologies. In this paper, recent research and development trends to reduce the particle emissions from internal combustion engines are summarized, with a focus on PMP activity in EU, CARB and SAE papers and including both state-of-the-art light-duty vehicles and heavy-duty engines.