多点随机需求的分布式预置储备

考虑重点方向或区域中, 各重要隘口、通道、敏感地带等突发事件之间的关联性(连锁反应的可能性) 和需求的随机性, 在多个预置储备仓库构成储备网络和多个需求点组成需求网络的条件下, 研究了用储备网络保障需求网络的预置储备规模和储备分布优化问题, 分析了需求网络在各点突发事件和需求随机下总需求的分布特征; 在保证预置储备规模有效性、经济性与储备分布合理性的基础上, 建立了给定安全保障概率下的储备规模模型和过程响应准则下的分布式储备模型(统称储备模型); 根据模型特征将分布式储备模型分解为双层模型, 对随机需求采用样本化处理, 并在此基础上建立了针对性的遗传-模拟退火算法求解双层模型; 基于变异系数的概念, 提出了针对突发事件和需求随机的储备方案稳健性指标, 对储备模型及其算法进行了稳健性分析, 并通过案例应用验证了储备模型及其算法的有效性。研究结果表明: 相较于就近分区准则, 储备规模模型及其算法能在确保安全保障概率的前提下将储备规模降低约1/3;相较于极大极小化准则, 过程响应准则下的分布式储备方案可使首批物资响应时间减少11%, 使90%物资的响应时间减少21%;在面临需求网络中突发事件和需求的随机性波动时, 储备方案的波动幅度不超过需求波动的80%, 体现了较好的稳健性。      

Characteristics analysis for travel behavior of transportation hub passengers using mobile phone data

The travel behavior of passengers from the transportation hub within the city area is critical for travel demand analysis, security monitoring, and supporting traffic facilities designing. However, the traditional methods used to study the travel behavior of the passengers inside the city are time and labor consuming. The records of the cellular communication provide a potential huge data source for this study to follow the movement of passengers. This study focuses on the passengers’ travel behavior of the Hongqiao transportation hub in Shanghai, China, utilizing the mobile phone data. First, a systematic and novel method is presented to extract the trip information from the mobile phone data. Several key travel characteristics of passengers, including passengers traveling inside the city and between cities, are analyzed and compared. The results show that the proposed method is effective to obtain the travel trajectories of mobile phone users. Besides, the travel behavior of incity passengers and external passengers are quite different. Then, the correlation analysis of the passengers’ travel trajectories is provided to research the availability of the comprehensive area. Moreover, the results of the correlation analysis further indicate that the comprehensive area of the Hongqiao hub plays a relatively important role in passengers’ daily travel.

     

面向智能车辆的现役道路设施行驶适应性研究综述

为了总结面向智能车辆的现役道路设施行驶适应性，即现役道路基础设施承载智能车辆行驶的适宜程度，阐述自主智能驾驶定义与驾驶自动化等级分类，在此基础上剖析不同等级间的人机功能差异，并分别从感知层、感知-决策层、决策-控制层探讨与道路设计要素相关联的人机功能差异，通过归纳总结智能车辆与道路几何要素、路面性能及其他道路要素(如道路标线)的相互作用机制研究，从道路工程角度及其他道路要素方面回顾该领域的研究现状，指出存在的问题和未来发展方向。研究结果表明：相比传统车辆，配置高等级自动驾驶系统的智能车辆对现役道路设施行驶适应性最高，主动安全系统次之，而驾驶辅助及有条件自动驾驶系统适应性不足。而目前研究主要问题包括：难以归纳、标定不同驾驶自动化等级间的人机功能差异及其对于道路设计参数的需求设计值；测试道路场景条件过于理想，考虑的驾驶自动化等级单一，试验规模和样本有限；道路几何、路面性能以及道路标志、标线等道路要素与智能车辆间的相互作用机制研究不足，缺乏与不同道路场景相匹配的智能车辆驾驶特征数据的获取手段。因此建议：重视并推动与道路设计要素相关联的关键人机功能差异指标信息共享；联合高保真且可交互的道路场景、高精度感知传感器物理模型、车辆动力学模型及微观交通流模型，利用测试场景自动化生成、极限工况场景搜寻与泛化等技术开展智能驾驶虚拟测试，突破现有研究的深度和广度；探索反映不同等级智能车辆的道路行驶适应性特征指标与评价标准，精准、有效地评估预测复杂道路场景及不利道路条件下的行驶适应性。     

基于下游大水位变率的下水式垂直升船机随动技术的设计与实现

下游航道水位变率大,快速适应水位变化的准确停位随动技术,对下水式升船机的传动控制很重要.本文介绍下水式垂直升船机随动控制技术.首先,对控制对象的特性进行分析,描述了系统的速度运行曲线,对位置控制功能进行了研究.然后,搭建试验平台对本控制方案的性能进行了测试,给出了测试的方法和试验结果.实验结果表明本控制系统具有定位精度高、响应速度快等优点,能够适应下游大水位变化率的下水式垂直升船机准确停位要求.     

广西交通科技资源共享平台建设探讨

文章针对广西交通科技项目管理系统现状,分析了建设交通科技资源共享平台的必要性,阐述了交通科技资源共享平台建设的关键技术、创新点及主要内容,指出该共享平台的建设可改善和提高交通运输科技项目质量及监管水平。     

基于PLC的模糊频载调节器设计

介绍可编程序控制器(PLC)实现船舶电站模糊调频调载的软硬件实现方法,采用离线计算、在线查表的方法在PLC上实现模糊控制,利用硬件在环仿真进行试验研究,结果表明,智能频载控制器具有较好的稳、动态性能。     

Hybrid process of fabricating high-quality micro wine-glass fused silica resonators

A new hybrid method, which combines improved glass-blown technology with wet etching, is reported to fabricate micro wine-glass resonators with high-quality fused silica. The optimum placement is compared to achieve the resonators with good shell shape. The typical shell diameter is about 4mm and its thickness covers from dozens to hundreds of micrometers. The etching rates in corrosion solutions with different ratios and at different thicknesses of hemispherical shells are studied. We also conclude how to precisely control the thickness. The corrosion solutions with different ratios of HF solution to NH₄F solution make the spherical shells rougher in different degrees. The best roughness is 0.581 nm in the 1: 8 ratio corrosion solution while the original roughness is 0.537 nm. This fact shows that the resonator remains atomically smooth surface. Based on the glassblowing spherical fused silica structure, the thickness of the resonator is effectively controlled by buffered oxide etch (BOE) technology according to the measured etching rate. The measured resonant frequency of the hemispherical shell at ambient pressure and room temperature is 1.75 kHz of rocking mode which is close to the simulated frequency. Using such a low-cost hybrid approach, we can fabricate high-quality microscale resonators in batch.     

山区漫水桥梁水毁调查分析及重建设计

重点阐述在涞水县7.21灾后公路恢复重建中，对桥梁水毁状况的调查分析以及工程重建设计要点，可为相关工作提供借鉴。     

Subjective-utility travel time budget modeling in the stochastic traffic network assignment

ABSTRACT

In this article, we propose a new model called subjective-utility travel time budget (SU-TTB) model to capture travelers' risk-averse route choices. In the travel time budget (TTB) and mean-excess travel time (METT) model, a predefined confidence level is needed to capture the risk-aversion in route choice. Due to the day-to-day route travel time variations, the exact confidence level is hard to be predicted. With the SU-TTB model, we assume travelers' confidence level belongs to an interval that they may comply with in the route choice. The two main components of SU-TTB are the utility function and the TTB model. We can show that the SU-TTB can be reduced to the TTB and METT model with proper utility function for the confidence levels. We can also prove its equivalence with our recently proposed nonlinear-expectation route travel time (NERTT) model in some cases and give some new interpretation on the NERTT with this equivalence. Finally, we formulate the SU-TTB model as a variational inequality (VI) problem to model the risk-averse user equilibrium (RAUE), termed as generalized RAUE (GRAUE). The GRAUE is solved via a heuristic gradient projection algorithm, and the model and solution algorithm are demonstrated with the Braess's traffic network and the Nguyen and Dupuis's traffic network.     

临海软弱地层超深工作井基坑受力与变形监测

某隧道暗挖段工作井基坑位于临海软弱地层,具有地质条件差、水位高、周边环境要求苛刻等不利条件。为确保超深基坑工程的安全,减小施工对周边环境的影响,施工对基坑开挖全过程进行了监测,得到了围护结构墙体竖向位移、基坑周边地表沉降、混凝土支撑轴力、测斜以及坑外水位的变化规律。通过分析监测数据,及时掌握基坑的安全状态,动态控制施工参数,确保了工程的顺利实施。