A Pareto-improving hybrid rationing and pricing policy with multiclass network equilibria

This paper extends the work on Pareto-improving hybrid rationing and pricing policy for general road networks by considering heterogeneous users with different values of time. Mathematical programming models are proposed to find a multiclass Pareto-improving pure road space rationing scheme (MPI-PR) and multiclass hybrid rationing and pricing schemes (MHPI and MHPI-S). A numerical example with a multimodal network is provided for comparing both the efficiency and equity of the three proposed policies. We discover that MHPI-S can achieve the largest reduction in total system delay, MHPI can induce the least spatial inequity and MHPI-S is a progressive policy which is appealing to policy makers. Furthermore, numerical results reveal that different classes of users react differently to the same hybrid policies and multiclass Pareto-improving hybrid schemes yield less delay reduction when compared to their single-class counterparts.     

Shaping the Coast with Permits: Making the State Regulatory Permitting Process Transparent with Text Mining

This paper examines the California Coastal Commission's permitting process. Using several text mining techniques, including web scraping, information extraction, and supervised classification, I demonstrate how to retrieve empirical data from unstructured texts, namely public meeting agendas and staff reports. Contrary to the concern that the Commission routinely delays or rejects permitting requests, the data reveal that outright rejection of permit applications is rare. On average, eight of ten applications were approved. Single-family homes and commercial development projects were approved about 80% of the time; the rates were about 70% for seawalls and retaining walls, and 60% for land-use changes. Most applications were processed swiftly, with a median application length of 3 months. The agency's influence comes primarily from negotiating each application. Qualitative study of 50 cases pertaining to single-family home construction reveals that the agency adopts a “managed development” approach, that is, allowing development but scrupulously managing various aspects of development. These case studies illustrate how the agency interprets the broad, abstract state laws and translates the mandates into enforceable actions as permitting conditions. In areas where the state mandates conflict, particularly over development in receding shorelines, the agency has the largest leverage in creating and implementing its preferred policies. The text mining techniques demonstrated in this paper can be applied to study any governmental agency. These techniques help to extract information from a massive volume of papers and organize them into a database for analyses. The empirical data extracted from texts can significantly increase bureaucratic transparency.     

An activity-based approach of investigating travel behaviour of older people

The paper presents the results of an investigation on daily activity-travel scheduling behaviour of older people by using an advanced econometric model and a household travel survey, collected in the National Capital Region (NCR) of Canada in 2011. The activity-travel scheduling model considers a dynamic time–space constrained scheduling process. The key contribution of the paper is to reveal daily activity-travel scheduling behaviour through a comprehensive econometric framework. The resulting empirical model reveals many behavioural details. These include the role that income plays in moderating out-of-home time expenditure choices of older people. Older people in the highest and lowest income categories tend to have lower variations in time expenditure choices than those in middle-income categories. Overall, the time expenditure choices become more stable with increasing age, indicating that longer activity durations and lower activity frequency become more prevalent with increasing age. Daily activity type and location choices reveal a clear random utility-maximizing rational behaviour of older people. It is clear that increasing spatial accessibility to various activity locations is a crucial factor in defining daily out-of-home activity participation of older people. It is also clear that the diversity of out-of-home activity type choices reduces with increasing age and older people are more sensitive to auto travel time than to transit or non-motorized travel time.     

基于模糊理论的船舶复合碰撞危险度计算

基于船舶领域和动界的概念,在船舶碰撞几何原理的基础上,利用模糊规则和模糊综合评价方法,本文提出一种船舶复合碰撞危险度的计算方法.确定最近会遇距离(DCPA)、最近会遇时间(TCPA)、两船距离、相对方位、船速比5个主要因素的隶属度函数,并考虑航行区域状况、能见度情况和船舶的操纵性能等对船舶碰撞危险度的隶属度函数修正.用原始数据对3种不同会遇态势进行仿真和对3种不同碰撞危险度计算结果分析比较,结果表明该方法的有效性.     

基于CUDA的散货船稳性并行计算

为提高散货船配载仪中船舶稳性计算速度,通过使用CUDA(Compute Unified Device Architecture)对稳性计算过程进行并行加速.首先基于CGAL(Computational Geometry Algorithms Library)中的切片模块按肋位纵向切割船体型表面,得到每个肋位处横剖面型值数据;然后对横剖面型值数据进行等距偏移模拟板厚,得到各肋位处的外板数据;然后将外板数据发往GPU;在GPU中通过水线面和外板数据求解并行计算雅克比矩阵系数;最后将雅可比矩阵系数传回CPU,求解稳性方程组.     

钛合金疲劳小裂纹扩展行为预报方法研究

针对小裂纹扩展阶段裂纹尖端塑性区域尺寸相对于小裂纹长度是不可忽略的问题,在考虑小裂纹效应裂纹扩展速率修正模型基础上,对该模型中裂纹尺寸进行修正,即裂纹长度等于真实裂纹长度加上平面应变状态下裂纹尖端塑性区域一半;并利用修正后的模型对钛合金材料不同情况下疲劳小裂纹扩展速率和寿命进行预报,同时将预报结果与试验值比较.结果表明:修正后的预报模型对小裂纹扩展速率和寿命均有很好的预报效果.     

光收发模块激光二极管接口电路的优化

在高速光收发模块中,驱动激光二极管的接口电路是模块性能参数实现的关键环节.为此,本文根据半导体激光器的特性,介绍一款交流耦合接口电路,可以在光通信模块进行初测时,通过微调元器件,使接口电路设计达到最优化.     

对农村公路建设招投标评标办法的思考

分析了传统的合理最低评标价法的利弊,探讨与论证了新兴的合理定价评审抽取法在农村公路建设中的运用和发展。在农村公路建设招标活动中不断摸索和实践的合理定价评审抽取法,维护了公开、公正和公平的基本原则,实现了建设项目经济效益和社会效益的利润最大化。     

国标《道路货物运输服务质量评定》的研究与制定

国标《道路货物运输服务质量评定》的研究和制定对于规范物流市场,实现物流服务标准化具有重要意义。     

沥青路面力学响应的季节性变化研究

为使对路面结构的分析和设计更加符合实际情况,需要考虑季节性的变化．针对某一柔性基层沥青路面结构进行分析,通过室内试验确定了各层沥青混合料的动态模量主曲线和时间温度换算因子,并确定了路面结构内温度场和动态模量的分布和变化,进而计算了路面结构关键响应随时间的变化情况．分析了路表弯沉、沥青层底拉应变和土基顶面压应变季节性波动情况,并在满足工程精度要求下,确定了响应的关键位置.